使用dbms_addm包执行addm性能诊断

使用dbms_addm包可以以三种模式来执行addm性能诊断
.以数据库模式
.以实例模式
.以部分模式
.显示ADDM报告

以数据库模式语法如下:

begin
dbms_addm.analyze_db (
task_name in out varchar2,
begin_snapshot in number,
end_snapshot in number,
db_id in number := null);
end;
/

示例:

SQL> var tname varchar2(30);
SQL> begin
  2  :tname := 'addm for 17 to 18';
  3  dbms_addm.analyze_db(:tname, 3785, 3786);
  4  end;
  5  /

以实例模式语法如下:

begin
dbms_addm.analyze_inst (
task_name in out varchar2,
begin_snapshot in number,
end_snapshot in number,
instance_number in number := null,
db_id in number := null);
end;
/

示例:

SQL> var tname varchar2(30);
SQL> begin
  2  :tname := 'addm for 17 to 18';
  3  dbms_addm.analyze_inst(:tname, 3785, 3786,1);
  4  end;
  5  /

以部分模式语法如下:

begin
dbms_addm.analyze_partial (
task_name in out varchar2,
instance_numbers in varchar2,
begin_snapshot in number,
end_snapshot in number,
db_id in number := null);
end;
/

示例:

SQL> var tname varchar2(30);
SQL> begin
  2  :tname := 'addm for 17 to 18';
  3  dbms_addm.analyze_inst(:tname,'1,2',3785,3786);
  4  end;
  5  /

显示ADDM报告

SQL> set long 1000000 pagesize 0;
SQL> select dbms_addm.get_report(:tname) from dual;
          ADDM Report for Task 'addm_cs for 09 to 10'
          -------------------------------------------

Analysis Period
---------------
AWR snapshot range from 16201 to 16202.
Time period starts at 10-SEP-18 09.00.34 AM
Time period ends at 10-SEP-18 10.00.39 AM

Analysis Target
---------------
Database 'RLZY' with DB ID 1710982568.
Database version 11.2.0.4.0.
Analysis was requested for all instances, but ADDM analyzed instance RLZY2,
numbered 2 and hosted at db2.
See the "Additional Information" section for more information on the requested
instances.

Activity During the Analysis Period
-----------------------------------
Total database time was 22511 seconds.
The average number of active sessions was 6.24.
ADDM analyzed 1 of the requested 1 instances.

Summary of Findings
-------------------
   Description                               Active Sessions      Recommendation
s                                              Percent of Activity
   ----------------------------------------  -------------------  --------------
- 1  Undersized SGA                            1.91 | 30.55         1
2  Hard Parse Due to Literal Usage           1.78 | 28.58         1
3  Top SQL Statements                        1.13 | 18.17         4
4  Top Segments by "User I/O" and "Cluster"  .55 | 8.78           3
5  Global Cache Messaging                    .17 | 2.79           0


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


          Findings and Recommendations
          ----------------------------

Finding 1: Undersized SGA
Impact is 1.91 active sessions, 30.55% of total activity.
---------------------------------------------------------
The SGA was inadequately sized, causing additional I/O or hard parses.
The value of parameter "sga_target" was "51200 M" during the analysis period.

   Recommendation 1: Database Configuration
   Estimated benefit is 1.91 active sessions, 30.55% of total activity.
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
   Action
      Increase the size of the SGA by setting the parameter "sga_target" to
      76800 M.

   Symptoms That Led to the Finding:
   ---------------------------------
      Hard parsing of SQL statements was consuming significant database time.
      Impact is 1.82 active sessions, 29.22% of total activity.
      Wait class "User I/O" was consuming significant database time.
      Impact is 1.21 active sessions, 19.36% of total activity.


Finding 2: Hard Parse Due to Literal Usage
Impact is 1.78 active sessions, 28.58% of total activity.
---------------------------------------------------------
SQL statements were not shared due to the usage of literals. This resulted in
additional hard parses which were consuming significant database time.

   Recommendation 1: Application Analysis
   Estimated benefit is 1.78 active sessions, 28.58% of total activity.
   --------------------------------------------------------------------
   Action
      Investigate application logic for possible use of bind variables instead
      of literals.
   Action
      Alternatively, you may set the parameter "cursor_sharing" to "force".
   Rationale
      At least 106 SQL statements with FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE
      10877138405225238976 and PLAN_HASH_VALUE 76216136 were found to be using
      literals. Look in V$SQL for examples of such SQL statements.
   Rationale
      At least 104 SQL statements with FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE
      10877138405225238976 and PLAN_HASH_VALUE 3291498723 were found to be
      using literals. Look in V$SQL for examples of such SQL statements.
   Rationale
      At least 31 SQL statements with FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE
      1212153288317564648 and PLAN_HASH_VALUE 4105729137 were found to be
      using literals. Look in V$SQL for examples of such SQL statements.
   Rationale
      At least 30 SQL statements with FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE
      10877138405225238976 and PLAN_HASH_VALUE 4135929742 were found to be
      using literals. Look in V$SQL for examples of such SQL statements.
   Rationale
      At least 27 SQL statements with FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE
      16030230994864437066 and PLAN_HASH_VALUE 2060270506 were found to be
      using literals. Look in V$SQL for examples of such SQL statements.

   Symptoms That Led to the Finding:
   ---------------------------------
      Hard parsing of SQL statements was consuming significant database time.
      Impact is 1.82 active sessions, 29.22% of total activity.


Finding 3: Top SQL Statements
Impact is 1.13 active sessions, 18.17% of total activity.
---------------------------------------------------------
SQL statements consuming significant database time were found. These
statements offer a good opportunity for performance improvement.

   Recommendation 1: SQL Tuning
   Estimated benefit is .48 active sessions, 7.63% of total activity.
   ------------------------------------------------------------------
   Action
      Run SQL Tuning Advisor on the SELECT statement with SQL_ID
      "awb7dnusv1by2".
      Related Object
         SQL statement with SQL_ID awb7dnusv1by2.
         select distinct a.hospital_id as hospital_id,         (select
         d.hospital_name from bs_hospital d where f.hospital_id =
         d.hospital_id ) as hospital_name,         f.ACCOUNT_ID as ACCOUNT_ID,
         a.indi_id as indi_id,         a.serial_no as
         serial_no,a.treatment_type as treatment_type,         (select
         h.BIZ_NAME from bs_biztype h where h.center_id=a.center_id and
         h.biz_type=a.biz_type) as biz_name,         e.disease as disease,
         a.reg_man as reg_man,         a.begin_date as begin_date,
         a.end_date as end_date,         a.name as name,         a.sex as sex,
         a.IDCARD as idcard,         a.pers_type as pers_type,
         a.finish_flag as finish_flag,         (select g.pers_name from
         bs_person_type g where a.pers_type = g.pers_type and a.center_id =
         g.center_id ) as pers_name,         a.in_area_name as in_area_name,
         a.in_dept_name as in_dept_name,         a.in_bed as in_bed,
         a.bed_type as bed_type,         a.corp_name as corp_name,
         a.fin_date as fin_date,         (select sum(pay_money) from
         pm_account_fund k where  k.account_id = f.account_id) total_pay,
         (select sum(decode(k.FUND_ID,'996',0,'999',0,k.pay_money)) from
         pm_account_fund k where k.account_id = f.account_id ) fund_pay  from
         mt_biz_fin a,         pm_account_biz f,         bs_disease e,
         bs_center center ,bs_hospital bh  where
         decode(a.reimburse_flag,'2',a.rela_hosp_id ,a.hospital_id) =
         f.hospital_id      and f.hospital_id = bh.hospital_id        and
         a.serial_no = f.serial_no         and a.center_id = f.center_id
         and e.icd (+)= f.icd         and center.center_id (+)= f.center_id
         and e.center_id = nvl(center.catalog_center,center.center_id)
         and (bh.hospital_id in ('4307000009') or bh.up_hospital_id in
         ('4307000009')) and exists (select 'X' from bs_center  center where
         center.center_id=a.center_id and center.center_id  in ('430702'))
         and nvl(f.deal_flag,'0') = '0'          and f.valid_flag = '1'
         and to_number(to_char(f.fin_date,'yyyymmdd')) between 20180801 and
         20180831        and a.valid_flag = '1'         and a.lock_flag = '1'
         and a.reimburse_flag in ('0','2')          and
         to_number(to_char(a.fin_date,'yyyymmdd')) between 20180801  and
         20180831
   Rationale
      The SQL spent 100% of its database time on CPU, I/O and Cluster waits.
      This part of database time may be improved by the SQL Tuning Advisor.
   Rationale
      Database time for this SQL was divided as follows: 100% for SQL
      execution, 0% for parsing, 0% for PL/SQL execution and 0% for Java
      execution.
   Rationale
      SQL statement with SQL_ID "awb7dnusv1by2" was executed 2 times and had
      an average elapsed time of 851 seconds.
   Rationale
      At least 2 distinct execution plans were utilized for this SQL statement
      during the analysis period.

   Recommendation 2: SQL Tuning
   Estimated benefit is .31 active sessions, 4.95% of total activity.
   ------------------------------------------------------------------
   Action
      Run SQL Tuning Advisor on the SELECT statement with SQL_ID
      "fw5gmdaxuyk3a".
      Related Object
         SQL statement with SQL_ID fw5gmdaxuyk3a.
         SELECT DISTINCT HOSPITAL_ID,
         SERIAL_NO,PERS_TYPE,RELA_HOSP_ID,A.REIMBURSE_FLAG FROM MT_BIZ_FIN A,
         BS_BIZTYPE B WHERE A.BIZ_TYPE = B.BIZ_TYPE AND (:B8 = 'A' OR
         B.BIZ_STAT = :B8 ) AND B.INSR_NO = :B7 AND B.BIZ_STAT IN ('2', '3')
         AND NVL(A.LOCK_FLAG, '0') = '0' AND A.VALID_FLAG = '1' AND
         (NVL(A.REIMBURSE_FLAG, '0') = '0' OR A.REIMBURSE_FLAG = '2') AND
         (A.HOSPITAL_ID = :B6 OR A.RELA_HOSP_ID = :B6 ) AND (A.CENTER_ID=:B5
         OR (:B5 ='431000' AND A.CENTER_ID IN ('431000','431002','431003')))
         AND ('A' = :B4 OR A.OP_TOWN_ID = :B4 ) AND ('A' = :B3 OR
         A.OP_VILLAGE_ID = :B3 ) AND A.FIN_DATE BETWEEN TO_DATE(:B2 || '
         00:00:00', 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') AND TO_DATE(:B1 || ' 23:59:59',
         'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')
   Rationale
      The SQL spent 100% of its database time on CPU, I/O and Cluster waits.
      This part of database time may be improved by the SQL Tuning Advisor.
   Rationale
      Database time for this SQL was divided as follows: 100% for SQL
      execution, 0% for parsing, 0% for PL/SQL execution and 0% for Java
      execution.
   Rationale
      SQL statement with SQL_ID "fw5gmdaxuyk3a" was executed 52 times and had
      an average elapsed time of 21 seconds.
   Rationale
      Top level calls to execute the PL/SQL statement with SQL_ID
      "8prz8w1bg5714" are responsible for 100% of the database time spent on
      the SELECT statement with SQL_ID "fw5gmdaxuyk3a".
      Related Object
         SQL statement with SQL_ID 8prz8w1bg5714.
         call usp_pay_account_declare(:1 ,:2 ,:3 ,:4 ,:5 ,:6 ,:7 ,:8 ,:9 ,:10
         ,:11 ,:12 ,:13 )

   Recommendation 3: SQL Tuning
   Estimated benefit is .18 active sessions, 2.86% of total activity.
   ------------------------------------------------------------------
   Action
      Run SQL Tuning Advisor on the SELECT statement with SQL_ID
      "f63shdpjy5kgy".
      Related Object
         SQL statement with SQL_ID f63shdpjy5kgy.

   Rationale
      The SQL spent 100% of its database time on CPU, I/O and Cluster waits.
      This part of database time may be improved by the SQL Tuning Advisor.
   Rationale
      Database time for this SQL was divided as follows: 100% for SQL
      execution, 0% for parsing, 0% for PL/SQL execution and 0% for Java
      execution.
   Rationale
      I/O and Cluster wait for TABLE "INSUR_CHANGDE.MT_PAY_RECORD_FIN" with
      object ID 925431 consumed 100% of the database time spent on this SQL
      statement.

   Recommendation 4: SQL Tuning
   Estimated benefit is .17 active sessions, 2.73% of total activity.
   ------------------------------------------------------------------
   Action
      Run SQL Tuning Advisor on the SELECT statement with SQL_ID
      "a81a3tafx4wzb".
      Related Object
         SQL statement with SQL_ID a81a3tafx4wzb.
         select distinct li.pers_type   from lv_indipar li,lv_cropfundpar
         lc,lv_insr_topay lt  where li.indi_id = :1     and li.period = :2
         and lc.money_no = li.money_no    and lt.pay_info_no = lc.pay_info_no
         and lt.insr_detail_code <> 21    and lt.topay_type not in (13) and
         li.pers_type is not null
   Rationale
      The SQL spent 100% of its database time on CPU, I/O and Cluster waits.
      This part of database time may be improved by the SQL Tuning Advisor.
   Rationale
      Database time for this SQL was divided as follows: 100% for SQL
      execution, 0% for parsing, 0% for PL/SQL execution and 0% for Java
      execution.
   Rationale
      SQL statement with SQL_ID "a81a3tafx4wzb" was executed 14866 times and
      had an average elapsed time of 0.046 seconds.
   Rationale
      I/O and Cluster wait for TABLE "INSUR_CHANGDE.LV_INDIPAR" with object ID
      925315 consumed 90% of the database time spent on this SQL statement.


Finding 4: Top Segments by "User I/O" and "Cluster"
Impact is .55 active sessions, 8.78% of total activity.
-------------------------------------------------------
Individual database segments responsible for significant "User I/O" and
"Cluster" waits were found.

   Recommendation 1: Segment Tuning
   Estimated benefit is .24 active sessions, 3.81% of total activity.
   ------------------------------------------------------------------
   Action
      Investigate application logic involving I/O on TABLE
      "INSUR_CHANGDE.MT_PAY_RECORD_FIN" with object ID 925431.
      Related Object
         Database object with ID 925431.
   Action
      Look at the "Top SQL Statements" finding for SQL statements consuming
      significant I/O on this segment. For example, the SELECT statement with
      SQL_ID "f63shdpjy5kgy" is responsible for 75% of "User I/O" and
      "Cluster" waits for this segment.
   Rationale
      The I/O usage statistics for the object are: 0 full object scans, 438356
      physical reads, 683 physical writes and 0 direct reads.

   Recommendation 2: Segment Tuning
   Estimated benefit is .18 active sessions, 2.87% of total activity.
   ------------------------------------------------------------------
   Action
      Investigate application logic involving I/O on TABLE
      "INSUR_CHANGDE.LV_INDIPAR" with object ID 925315.
      Related Object
         Database object with ID 925315.
   Action
      Look at the "Top SQL Statements" finding for SQL statements consuming
      significant I/O on this segment. For example, the SELECT statement with
      SQL_ID "a81a3tafx4wzb" is responsible for 85% of "User I/O" and
      "Cluster" waits for this segment.
   Rationale
      The I/O usage statistics for the object are: 0 full object scans, 708526
      physical reads, 2431 physical writes and 0 direct reads.

   Recommendation 3: Segment Tuning
   Estimated benefit is .13 active sessions, 2.11% of total activity.
   ------------------------------------------------------------------
   Action
      Investigate application logic involving I/O on TABLE
      "INSUR_CHANGDE.MT_BIZ_FIN" with object ID 925378.
      Related Object
         Database object with ID 925378.
   Rationale
      The I/O usage statistics for the object are: 0 full object scans, 275264
      physical reads, 1026 physical writes and 0 direct reads.

   Symptoms That Led to the Finding:
   ---------------------------------
      Wait class "User I/O" was consuming significant database time.
      Impact is 1.21 active sessions, 19.36% of total activity.


Finding 5: Global Cache Messaging
Impact is .17 active sessions, 2.79% of total activity.
-------------------------------------------------------
Inter-instance messaging was consuming significant database time on this
instance.
The network latency of the cluster interconnect was within acceptable limits
of 1 milliseconds.
Read and write contention on database blocks was not consuming significant
database time in the cluster.
Global Cache Service Processes (LMSn) in other instances were performing
within acceptable limits of 1 milliseconds.
Waits on "buffer busy" events were not consuming significant database time.

   No recommendations are available.

   Symptoms That Led to the Finding:
   ---------------------------------
      Wait class "Cluster" was consuming significant database time.
      Impact is .18 active sessions, 2.81% of total activity.



~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

          Additional Information
          ----------------------

Miscellaneous Information
-------------------------
Wait class "Application" was not consuming significant database time.
Wait class "Commit" was not consuming significant database time.
Wait class "Concurrency" was not consuming significant database time.
Wait class "Configuration" was not consuming significant database time.
CPU was not a bottleneck for the instance.
Wait class "Network" was not consuming significant database time.
The network latency of the cluster interconnect was within acceptable limits
of 1 milliseconds.
Session connect and disconnect calls were not consuming significant database
time.

12C Oracle ASM Filter Driver

Oracle ASM Filter Driver(Oracle ASMFD)消除了在系统每次被重启后Oracle ASM需要重新绑定磁盘设备来简化对磁盘设备的配置与管理。Oracle ASM Filter Driver(Oracle ASMFD)是一种内置在Oracle ASM磁盘的IO路径中的内核模块。Oracle ASM使用filter driver来验证对Oracle ASM磁盘的写IO操作。Oracle ASM Filter Driver会拒绝任何无效的IO请求。这种操作消除了意外覆盖Oracle ASM磁盘而损坏磁盘组中的磁盘与文件。例如,Oracle ASM Filter Driver会过滤掉所有可能意外覆盖磁盘的非Oracle IO操作。从Oracle 12.2开始,Oracle ASM Filter Driver(Oracle ASMFD)在系统安装Oracle ASMLIB的情况下不能被安装,如果你想安装与配置Oracle ASMFD,那么必须首先卸载Oracle ASMLIB。Oracle 12.2的ASMFD不支持扩展分区表。

配置Oracle ASM Filter Driver
可以在安装Oracle Grid Infrastructure时或在安装Oracle Grid Infrastructure后对磁盘设备永久性配置Oracle ASM Filter Driver(Oracle ASMFD)。

在安装Oracle Grid Infrastructure时配置Oracle ASM Filter Driver
在安装Oracle Grid Infrastructure时,可以选择启用自动安装与配置Oracle ASM Filter Driver。如果在安装Oracle Grid Infrastructure所在的系统中没有使用udev,那么可以在在安装Oracle Grid Infrastructure之前执行下面的操作来为Oracle ASMFD准备磁盘。下面的操作必须在Oracle Grid Infrastructure软件包在Oracle Grid Infrastructure home目录中必须解压后,但在配置ASMFD之前执行。

1.为了使用Oracle ASM Filter Driver来配置共享磁盘,以root用户来设置环境变量$ORACLE_HOME为Grid Home目录,设置环境变量$ORACLE_BASE为临时目录

# set ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/12.2.0/grid
# set ORACLE_BASE=/tmp

ORACLE_BASE变量被设置为临时目录可以避免在安装Oracle Grid Infrastructure之前在Grid Home目录中创建诊断或跟踪文件。在执行下面的操作之前,确保是在$ORACLE_HOME/bin目录中执行命令。

2.使用ASMCMD afd_label命令来为Oracle ASM Filter Driver来准备磁盘.

#asmcmd afd_label DATA1 /dev/disk1a --init

3.使用ASMCMD afd_lslbl命令来验证磁盘是否已经被标记可以为Oracle ASMFD所使用

#asmcmd afd_lslbl /dev/disk1a

查看某块磁盘

[rootd@cs1 ~]./asmcmd afd_lslbl /dev/asmdisk01
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Label                     Duplicate  Path
================================================================================
CRS2                                  /dev/asmdisk01

列出已经标记可以为Oracle ASMFD所使用的所有磁盘

[grid@jytest1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_lslbl 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Label                     Duplicate  Path
================================================================================
CRS1                                  /dev/asmdisk02
CRS2                                  /dev/asmdisk01
DATA1                                 /dev/asmdisk03
DATA2                                 /dev/asmdisk04
FRA1                                  /dev/asmdisk07
TEST1                                 /dev/asmdisk05
TEST2                                 /dev/asmdisk06

4.当为Oracle ASMFD准备完磁盘后清除变量ORACLE_BASE

# unset ORACLE_BASE

5.运行安装脚本(gridSetup.sh)来安装Oracle Grid Infrastructure并启用Oracle ASM Filter Driver配置。

在安装Oracle Grid Infrastructure后配置Oracle ASM Filter Driver
如果在安装Grid Infrastructure时没有启用配置Oracle ASMFD,那么可以使用Oracle ASMFD来手动配置Oracle ASM设备。

为Oracle Grid Infrastructure Clusterware环境配置Oracle ASM,具体操作如下:
1.以Oracle Grid Infrastructure用户来更新Oracle ASM磁盘发现路径来使Oracle ASMFD来发现磁盘。
首先检查当前Oracle ASM磁盘发现路径并更新

[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd dsget
parameter:/dev/sd*, /dev/asm* 
profile:/dev/sd*,/dev/asm* 

将’AFD:*’增加到发现磁盘路径中

[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd dsset 'dev/sd*','/dev/asm*','AFD:*'
[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd dsget
parameter:dev/sd*, /dev/asm*, AFD:*
profile:dev/sd*,/dev/asm*,AFD:*

2.以Oracle Grid Infrastructure用户来获取cluster中的节点列表与角色

[grid@cs1 ~]$ olsnodes -a
cs1     Hub
cs2     Hub

3.在每个Hub与Leaf节点上,可以以回滚或非回滚模式来执行以下操作
3.1以root用户来停止Oracle Grid Infrastructure

# $ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl stop crs

如果命令返回错误,那么执行下面的命令来强制停止Oracle Grid Infrastructure

# $ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl stop crs -f

3.2在节点层面以root用户来配置Oracle ASMFD

# $ORACLE_HOME/bin/asmcmd afd_configure

3.3以Oracle Grid Infrastructure用户来验证Oracle ASMFD的状态

[grid@cs2 ~]$ asmcmd afd_state
ASMCMD-9526: The AFD state is 'LOADED' and filtering is 'ENABLED' on host 'cs2.jy.net'

3.4以root用户来启动Oracle Clusterware stack

# $ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl start crs

3.5以Oracle Grid Infrastructure用户来设置Oracle ASMFD发现磁盘路径为步骤3.1中所检索到的原始Oracle ASM磁盘发现路径

[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd dsset 'dev/sd*','/dev/asm*'

迁移不包含OCR或vote文件的磁盘组到Oracle ASMFD
1.以Oracle Grid Infrastructure用户来执行以下操作

2.列出已经存在的磁盘组

[grid@cs2 ~]$ asmcmd lsdg
State    Type    Rebal  Sector  Logical_Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB  Offline_disks  Voting_files  Name
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960     1544                0            1544              0             Y  CRS/
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960      860                0             860              0             N  DATA/
MOUNTED  NORMAL  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960    40704                0           20352              0             N  DN/

3.列出相关磁盘

[grid@cs2 ~]$ asmcmd lsdsk -G DN
Path
/dev/asmdisk03
/dev/asmdisk05

从下面的查询可以看到/dev/asmdisk03和/dev/asmdisk05的label字段为空

SQL> select group_number,disk_number,name,label,path from v$asm_disk;

GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER NAME                           LABEL                                              PATH
------------ ----------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------
           0           0                                CRS2                                               /dev/asmdisk01
           0           1                                CRS1                                               /dev/asmdisk02
           0           2                                DATA1                                              /dev/asmdisk04
           3           0 DN_0000                                                                           /dev/asmdisk03
           3           1 DN_0001                                                                           /dev/asmdisk05
           1           0 CRS1                           CRS1                                               AFD:CRS1
           2           0 DATA1                          DATA1                                              AFD:DATA1
           1           1 CRS2                           CRS2                                               AFD:CRS2

4.检查Oracle ASM是否是活动状态

[grid@cs2 ~]$ srvctl status asm
ASM is running on cs1,cs2

5.在所有节点上停止数据库与dismount磁盘组

[grid@cs2 ~]$srvctl stop diskgroup -diskgroup DN -f

6.在每个Hub节点上执行以下命令来为磁盘组中的所有已经存在的磁盘进行标记

[grid@cs2 ~]$ asmcmd afd_label DN1 /dev/asmdisk03 --migrate
[grid@cs2 ~]$ asmcmd afd_label DN2 /dev/asmdisk05 --migrate

7.在所有Hub节点上扫描磁盘

[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_scan
[grid@cs2 ~]$ asmcmd afd_scan

8.在所有节点启动数据库并mount磁盘组

[grid@cs2 ~]$ srvctl start diskgroup -diskgroup DN

从下面的查询可以看到/dev/asmdisk03和/dev/asmdisk05的label字段分别显示为DN1和DN2

SQL> select group_number,disk_number,name,label,path from v$asm_disk;

GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER NAME                           LABEL                                              PATH
------------ ----------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------
           0           0                                CRS2                                               /dev/asmdisk01
           0           1                                DN2                                                /dev/asmdisk05
           0           2                                DN1                                                /dev/asmdisk03
           0           3                                CRS1                                               /dev/asmdisk02
           0           4                                DATA1                                              /dev/asmdisk04
           1           1 CRS2                           CRS2                                               AFD:CRS2
           2           0 DATA1                          DATA1                                              AFD:DATA1
           1           0 CRS1                           CRS1                                               AFD:CRS1
           3           0 DN_0000                        DN1                                                AFD:DN1
           3           1 DN_0001                        DN2                                                AFD:DN2

现在可以将原先的 udev rules 文件移除。当然,这要在所有节点中都运行。以后如果服务器再次重启,AFD 就会完全接管了。

[root@cs1 bin]# cd /etc/udev/rules.d/
[root@cs1 rules.d]# ls -lrt
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  709 Mar  6  2015 70-persistent-ipoib.rules
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1416 Mar  9 12:23 99-my-asmdevices.rules
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  224 Mar  9 15:52 53-afd.rules
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  190 Mar  9 15:54 55-usm.rules

[root@cs1 rules.d]# mv 99-my-asmdevices.rules 99-my-asmdevices.rules.bak

[root@cs1 rules.d]# cat 53-afd.rules
#
# AFD devices
KERNEL=="oracleafd/.*", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0775"
KERNEL=="oracleafd/*", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0775"
KERNEL=="oracleafd/disks/*", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0664"


[root@cs1 rules.d]# ls -l /dev/oracleafd/disks
total 20
-rwxrwx--- 1 grid oinstall 15 Aug 30 14:30 CRS1
-rwxrwx--- 1 grid oinstall 15 Aug 30 14:30 CRS2
-rwxrwx--- 1 grid oinstall 15 Aug 30 14:30 DATA1
-rwxrwx--- 1 grid oinstall 15 Aug 30 17:42 DN1
-rwxrwx--- 1 grid oinstall 15 Aug 30 17:42 DN2

[root@cs2 bin]# cd /etc/udev/rules.d/
[root@cs2 rules.d]# ls -lrt
total 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  709 Mar  6  2015 70-persistent-ipoib.rules
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1416 Mar  9 12:23 99-my-asmdevices.rules
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  224 Mar  9 15:52 53-afd.rules
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  190 Mar  9 15:54 55-usm.rules

[root@cs2 rules.d]# mv 99-my-asmdevices.rules 99-my-asmdevices.rules.bak

[root@cs2 rules.d]# cat 53-afd.rules
#
# AFD devices
KERNEL=="oracleafd/.*", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0775"
KERNEL=="oracleafd/*", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0775"
KERNEL=="oracleafd/disks/*", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0664"


[root@cs2 rules.d]# ls -l /dev/oracleafd/disks
total 20
-rwxrwx--- 1 grid oinstall 15 Aug 30 14:30 CRS1
-rwxrwx--- 1 grid oinstall 15 Aug 30 14:30 CRS2
-rwxrwx--- 1 grid oinstall 15 Aug 30 14:30 DATA1
-rwxrwx--- 1 grid oinstall 15 Aug 30 17:42 DN1
-rwxrwx--- 1 grid oinstall 15 Aug 30 17:42 DN2

其实,AFD 也在使用 udev

迁移包含OCR或vote文件的磁盘组到Oracle ASMFD
1.以root用户来列出包含OCR和vote文件的磁盘组

[root@cs1 ~]# cd /u01/app/product/12.2.0/crs/bin
[root@cs1 bin]# sh ocrcheck -config
Oracle Cluster Registry configuration is :
         Device/File Name         :       +CRS
         Device/File Name         :      +DATA
[root@cs1 bin]# sh crsctl query css votedisk
##  STATE    File Universal Id                File Name Disk group
--  -----    -----------------                --------- ---------
 1. ONLINE   750a78e1ae984fcdbfb4dbf44d337a77 (/dev/asmdisk02) [CRS]
Located 1 voting disk(s).

2.以Oracle Grid Infrastructure用户来列出与磁盘组相关的磁盘

[grid@cs2 ~]$ asmcmd lsdsk -G CRS
Path
/dev/asmdisk01
/dev/asmdisk02

3.以root用户来在所有节点上停止数据库与Oracle Clusterware

[root@cs1 bin]# ./crsctl stop cluster -all
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'cs1'
CRS-2790: Starting shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on server 'cs2'
CRS-2790: Starting shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on server 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cs.db' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.qosmserver' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cs.db' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.chad' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gns' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gns' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cs.db' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.CRS.dg' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cvu' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gns.vip' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cs.db' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.CRS.dg' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.scan1.vip' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.scan1.vip' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cs2.vip' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.scan2.vip' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.scan3.vip' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gns.vip' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.scan3.vip' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cs2.vip' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.qosmserver' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.scan2.vip' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.chad' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cvu' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.chad' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ons' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ons' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.net1.network' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.net1.network' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2792: Shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'cs2' has completed
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crsd' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ctssd' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.storage' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.storage' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ctssd' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.chad' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.mgmtdb' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.mgmtdb' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.MGMTLSNR' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.CRS.dg' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.CRS.dg' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.MGMTLSNR' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cs1.vip' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cs1.vip' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ons' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ons' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.net1.network' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.net1.network' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2792: Shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'cs1' has completed
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crsd' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ctssd' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.storage' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.storage' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ctssd' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'cs1' succeeded

4.以Oracle Grid Infrastructure用户来执行下面的命令为每个Hub节点上的磁盘组中的磁盘进行标记

[grid@cs2 ~]$ asmcmd afd_label DN1 /dev/asmdisk03
[grid@cs2 ~]$ asmcmd afd_label DN2 /dev/asmdisk05

5.以Oracle Grid Infrastructure用户来执行下面的命令对每个Hub节点进行磁盘重新扫描

[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_scan
[grid@cs2 ~]$ asmcmd afd_scan

6.以root用户来在所有节点上启用Oracle Clusterware stack并mount OCR与vote文件磁盘与数据库

[root@cs1 bin]# ./crsctl start cluster -all
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'cs1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.evmd' on 'cs1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'cs2'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.evmd' on 'cs2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'cs1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'cs1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.evmd' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'cs2'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'cs2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.evmd' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.ctssd' on 'cs1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'cs1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.ctssd' on 'cs2'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'cs2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.ctssd' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.ctssd' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'cs1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'cs2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.storage' on 'cs2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.storage' on 'cs1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.storage' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.crsd' on 'cs1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.crsd' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.storage' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.crsd' on 'cs2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.crsd' on 'cs2' succeeded

判断Oracle ASM Filter Driver是否已经配置
可以通过判断Oracle ASM实例的SYS_ASMFD_PROPERTIES的AFD_STATE参数值来判断Oracle ASMFD是否被配置。也可以使用ASMCMD afd_state命令来检查Oracle ASMFD的状态

[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_state
ASMCMD-9526: The AFD state is 'LOADED' and filtering is 'DISABLED' on host 'cs1.jy.net'

[grid@cs2 ~]$ asmcmd afd_state
ASMCMD-9526: The AFD state is 'LOADED' and filtering is 'ENABLED' on host 'cs2.jy.net'

下面的查询如果AFD_STATE参数值等于NOT AVAILABLE就表示Oracle ASMFD没有被配置

SQL> select sys_context('SYS_ASMFD_PROPERTIES', 'AFD_STATE') from dual;

SYS_CONTEXT('SYS_ASMFD_PROPERTIES','AFD_STATE')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
CONFIGURED

设置Oracle ASM Filter Driver的AFD_DISKSTRING参数
AFD_DISKSTRING参数来指定Oracle ASMFD磁盘发现路径来标识由Oracle ASMFD来管理的磁盘。也可以使用ASMCMD afd_dsset和afd_dsget命令来设置和显示AFD_DISKSTRING参数:

[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_dsset '/dev/sd*','/dev/asm*','AFD:*'

[grid@cs2 ~]$ asmcmd afd_dsset '/dev/sd*','/dev/asm*','AFD:*'

[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd dsget
parameter:dev/sd*, /dev/asm*, AFD:*
profile:dev/sd*,/dev/asm*,AFD:*

[grid@cs2 ~]$ asmcmd dsget
parameter:dev/sd*, /dev/asm*, AFD:*
profile:dev/sd*,/dev/asm*,AFD:*

可以使用alter system语句来设置AFD_DISKSTRING。标识已经被创建在磁盘头中通过Oracle ASMFD磁盘发现路径来识别磁盘

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM AFD_DISKSTRING SET 'dev/sd*','/dev/asm*','AFD:*';
System altered.

SQL> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('SYS_ASMFD_PROPERTIES', 'AFD_DISKSTRING') FROM DUAL;

SYS_CONTEXT('SYS_ASMFD_PROPERTIES','AFD_DISKSTRING')
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
dev/sd*,/dev/asm*,AFD:*

为Oracle ASM Filter Driver磁盘设置Oracle ASM ASM_DISKSTRING参数
可以更新Oracle ASM磁盘发现路径来增加或删除Oracle ASMFD 磁盘标识名到ASM_DISKSTRING参数,可以使用alter system语句或asmcmd dsset命令

SQL> show parameter asm_diskstring

NAME                                 TYPE                   VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------
asm_diskstring                       string                 dev/sd*, /dev/asm*, AFD:*

[grid@cs1 ~]$  asmcmd dsset 'dev/sd*','/dev/asm*','AFD:*'
[grid@cs2 ~]$ asmcmd dsset 'dev/sd*','/dev/asm*','AFD:*'

测试Filter功能
首先检查filter功能是否开启

[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_state
ASMCMD-9526: The AFD state is 'LOADED' and filtering is 'ENABLED' on host 'cs1.jy.net'

[grid@jytest1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_lsdsk
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Label                     Filtering   Path
================================================================================
CRS1                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk02
CRS2                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk01
DATA1                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk03
DATA2                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk04
FRA1                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk07
TEST1                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk05
TEST2                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk06

上面的结果显示filter功能已经开启,如果要禁用filter功能执行asmcmd afd_filter -d

[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_filter -d
[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_state
ASMCMD-9526: The AFD state is 'LOADED' and filtering is 'ENABLED' on host 'jytest1.jydba.net'
[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_lsdsk
There are no labelled devices.

如果要开启filter功能执行asmcmd afd_filter -e

[grid@jytest1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_lsdsk
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Label                     Filtering   Path
================================================================================
CRS1                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk02
CRS2                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk01
DATA1                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk03
DATA2                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk04
FRA1                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk07
TEST1                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk05
TEST2                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk06

先用 KFED 读取一下TEST磁盘组的AFD:TEST1的磁盘头,验证一下确实无误

[grid@jytest1 ~]$ kfed read AFD:TEST1
kfbh.endian:                          1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard:                          130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type:                            1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt:                          1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: blk=0
kfbh.block.obj:              2147483648 ; 0x008: disk=0
kfbh.check:                  3275580027 ; 0x00c: 0xc33d627b
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr:    ORCLDISKTEST1 ; 0x000: length=13
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]:   1414743380 ; 0x008: 0x54534554
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]:           49 ; 0x00c: 0x00000031
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]:            0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]:            0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]:            0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]:            0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat:                203424000 ; 0x020: 0x0c200100
kfdhdb.dsknum:                        0 ; 0x024: 0x0000
kfdhdb.grptyp:                        2 ; 0x026: KFDGTP_NORMAL
kfdhdb.hdrsts:                        3 ; 0x027: KFDHDR_MEMBER
kfdhdb.dskname:                   TEST1 ; 0x028: length=5
kfdhdb.grpname:                    TEST ; 0x048: length=4
kfdhdb.fgname:                    TEST1 ; 0x068: length=5
kfdhdb.fgname:                      DN1 ; 0x068: length=3

下面直接用dd尝试将磁盘头清零。dd 命令本身没有任何错误返回。

[root@cs1 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/asmdisk03 bs=1024 count=10000
10000+0 records in
10000+0 records out
10240000 bytes (10 MB) copied, 1.24936 s, 8.2 MB/s

备份磁盘的前1024字节并清除,普通用户没权限读

[root@jytest1 ~]# dd if=/dev/asmdisk05 of=asmdisk05_header bs=1024 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.000282638 s, 3.6 MB/s
[root@jytest1 ~]# ls -lrt
 
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 1024 Aug 31 01:22 asmdisk05_header


[root@jytest1 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/asmdisk05 bs=1024 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.000318516 s, 3.2 MB/s
再用 KFED 读取一下TEST磁盘组的AFD:TEST1的磁盘头,验证一下确实无误
[grid@jytest1 ~]$ kfed read AFD:TEST1
kfbh.endian:                          1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard:                          130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type:                            1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt:                          1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: blk=0
kfbh.block.obj:              2147483648 ; 0x008: disk=0
kfbh.check:                  3275580027 ; 0x00c: 0xc33d627b
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr:    ORCLDISKTEST1 ; 0x000: length=13
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]:   1414743380 ; 0x008: 0x54534554
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]:           49 ; 0x00c: 0x00000031
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]:            0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]:            0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]:            0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]:            0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat:                203424000 ; 0x020: 0x0c200100
kfdhdb.dsknum:                        0 ; 0x024: 0x0000
kfdhdb.grptyp:                        2 ; 0x026: KFDGTP_NORMAL
kfdhdb.hdrsts:                        3 ; 0x027: KFDHDR_MEMBER
kfdhdb.dskname:                   TEST1 ; 0x028: length=5
kfdhdb.grpname:                    TEST ; 0x048: length=4
kfdhdb.fgname:                    TEST1 ; 0x068: length=5

测试dismount磁盘组TEST,再mount磁盘组TEST都能成功

[grid@jytest1 ~]$ asmcmd umount TEST
[grid@jytest1 ~]$ asmcmd lsdg
State    Type    Rebal  Sector  Logical_Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB  Offline_disks  Voting_files  Name
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960      264                0             264              0             Y  CRS/
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960    24732                0           24732              0             N  DATA/
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960    18452                0           18452              0             N  FRA/
[grid@jytest1 ~]$ asmcmd mount TEST
[grid@jytest1 ~]$ asmcmd lsdg
State    Type    Rebal  Sector  Logical_Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB  Offline_disks  Voting_files  Name
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960      264                0             264              0             Y  CRS/
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960    24732                0           24732              0             N  DATA/
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960    18452                0           18452              0             N  FRA/
MOUNTED  NORMAL  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960    11128                0            5564              0             N  TEST/

现在对磁盘/dev/asmdisk05禁用filter功能

[grid@jytest1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_lsdsk
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Label                     Filtering   Path
================================================================================
CRS1                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk02
CRS2                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk01
DATA1                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk03
DATA2                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk04
FRA1                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk07
TEST1                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk05
TEST2                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk06
[grid@jytest1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_filter -d /dev/asmdisk05
[grid@jytest1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_lsdsk
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Label                     Filtering   Path
================================================================================
CRS1                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk02
CRS2                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk01
DATA1                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk03
DATA2                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk04
FRA1                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk07
TEST1                      DISABLED   /dev/asmdisk05
TEST2                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk06

清除磁盘的前1024字节

 
[root@jytest1 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/asmdisk05 bs=1024 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.000318516 s, 3.2 MB/s

[grid@jytest1 ~]$ asmcmd umount TEST
[grid@jytest1 ~]$ asmcmd mount TEST
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15017: diskgroup "TEST" cannot be mounted
ORA-15040: diskgroup is incomplete (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)


[grid@jytest1 ~]$ kfed read AFD:TEST1
kfbh.endian:                          0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard:                            0 ; 0x001: 0x00
kfbh.type:                            0 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt:                          0 ; 0x003: 0x00
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: blk=0
kfbh.block.obj:                       0 ; 0x008: file=0
kfbh.check:                           0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
000000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000  [................]
  Repeat 255 times
KFED-00322: invalid content encountered during block traversal: [kfbtTraverseBlock][Invalid OSM block type][][0]

可以看到当filter功能被禁用时就失去了保护功能

使用之前备份的磁盘前1024字节信息来恢复磁盘头

[root@jytest1 ~]# dd if=asmdisk05_header of=/dev/asmdisk05 bs=1024 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1024 bytes (1.0 kB) copied, 0.000274822 s, 3.7 MB/s

[grid@jytest1 ~]$ kfed  read /dev/asmdisk05
kfbh.endian:                          1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard:                          130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type:                            1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt:                          1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk:                       0 ; 0x004: blk=0
kfbh.block.obj:              2147483648 ; 0x008: disk=0
kfbh.check:                  1645917758 ; 0x00c: 0x621ab63e
kfbh.fcn.base:                        0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap:                        0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1:                          0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2:                          0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr:    ORCLDISKTEST1 ; 0x000: length=13
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]:   1414743380 ; 0x008: 0x54534554
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]:           49 ; 0x00c: 0x00000031
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]:            0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]:            0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]:            0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]:            0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat:                203424000 ; 0x020: 0x0c200100
kfdhdb.dsknum:                        0 ; 0x024: 0x0000
kfdhdb.grptyp:                        2 ; 0x026: KFDGTP_NORMAL
kfdhdb.hdrsts:                        3 ; 0x027: KFDHDR_MEMBER
kfdhdb.dskname:                   TEST1 ; 0x028: length=5
kfdhdb.grpname:                    TEST ; 0x048: length=4
kfdhdb.fgname:                    TEST1 ; 0x068: length=5

再次mount磁盘组TEST

[grid@jytest1 ~]$ asmcmd lsdg
State    Type    Rebal  Sector  Logical_Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB  Offline_disks  Voting_files  Name
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960      264                0             264              0             Y  CRS/
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960    24732                0           24732              0             N  DATA/
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960    18452                0           18452              0             N  FRA/
[grid@jytest1 ~]$ asmcmd mount TEST
[grid@jytest1 ~]$ asmcmd lsdg
State    Type    Rebal  Sector  Logical_Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB  Offline_disks  Voting_files  Name
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960      264                0             264              0             Y  CRS/
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960    24732                0           24732              0             N  DATA/
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960    18452                0           18452              0             N  FRA/
MOUNTED  NORMAL  N         512             512   4096  4194304     40960    11120                0            5560              0             N  TEST/

设置,清除与扫描Oracle ASM Filter Driver Labels
给由Oracle ASMFD管理的磁盘设置一个标识,在标识设置后,指定的磁盘将会由Oracle ASMFD来管理。可以使用ASMCMD afd_label,afd_unlabel与afd_scan来增加,删除和扫描标识查看已经标识过的磁盘可以看到磁盘/dev/asmdisk03和 /dev/asmdisk05没有被标识。

[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_lsdsk
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Label                     Filtering   Path
================================================================================
CRS1                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk02
CRS2                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk01
DATA1                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk04

SQL> select group_number,disk_number,name,label,path from v$asm_disk;

GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER NAME                           LABEL                                              PATH
------------ ----------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------
           0           0                                CRS1                                               AFD:CRS1
           0           1                                                                                   /dev/asmdisk05
           0           2                                DATA1                                              AFD:DATA1
           0           3                                                                                   /dev/asmdisk03
           0           4                                CRS2                                               AFD:CRS2
           1           0 CRS1                           CRS1                                               /dev/asmdisk02
           1           1 CRS2                           CRS2                                               /dev/asmdisk01
           2           0 DATA1                          DATA1                                              /dev/asmdisk04

设置标识

[grid@cs2 ~]$ asmcmd afd_label DN1 /dev/asmdisk03
[grid@cs2 ~]$ asmcmd afd_label DN2 /dev/asmdisk05

查看已经标识过的磁盘可以看到磁盘/dev/asmdisk03和 /dev/asmdisk05已经被标识

[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_lsdsk
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Label                     Filtering   Path
================================================================================
CRS1                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk02
CRS2                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk01
DATA1                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk04
DN1                         ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk03
DN2                         ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk05

SQL> select group_number,disk_number,name,label,path from v$asm_disk;

GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER NAME                           LABEL                                                          PATH
------------ ----------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------
           0           0                                CRS1                                                           AFD:CRS1
           0           1                                DN2                                                            /dev/asmdisk05
           0           2                                DN1                                                            AFD:DN1
           0           3                                DATA1                                                          AFD:DATA1
           0           4                                DN1                                                            /dev/asmdisk03
           0           6                                CRS2                                                           AFD:CRS2
           0           5                                DN2                                                            AFD:DN2
           1           1 CRS2                           CRS2                                                           /dev/asmdisk01
           1           0 CRS1                           CRS1                                                           /dev/asmdisk02
           2           0 DATA1                          DATA1                                                          /dev/asmdisk04

清除标识

[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_unlabel 'DN1'
[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_unlabel 'DN2'

注意在清除标识时,如果标识所标记的磁盘已经用来创建磁盘组了那么是不能清除的,例如

[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_unlabel 'TEST1'
disk AFD:TEST1 is already provisioned for ASM
No devices to be unlabeled.
ASMCMD-9514: ASM disk label clear operation failed.

扫描标识

[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_scan

查看已经标识过的磁盘可以看到 /dev/asmdisk03和 /dev/asmdisk05的标识已经清除了

[grid@cs1 ~]$ asmcmd afd_lsdsk
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Label                     Filtering   Path
================================================================================
CRS1                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk02
CRS2                        ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk01
DATA1                       ENABLED   /dev/asmdisk04

SQL> select group_number,disk_number,name,label,path from v$asm_disk;

GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER NAME                           LABEL                                                          PATH
------------ ----------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------
           0           0                                CRS1                                                           AFD:CRS1
           0           1                                                                                               /dev/asmdisk05
           0           2                                DATA1                                                          AFD:DATA1
           0           3                                                                                               /dev/asmdisk03
           0           4                                CRS2                                                           AFD:CRS2
           1           1 CRS2                           CRS2                                                           /dev/asmdisk01
           1           0 CRS1                           CRS1                                                           /dev/asmdisk02
           2           0 DATA1                          DATA1                                                          /dev/asmdisk04

DM7修改数据库参数

在DM7中可以DBA可以在DM数据库运行过程中执行SF_GET_PARA_VALUE、SF_GET_PARA_DOUBLE_VALUE和SF_GET_PARA_STRING_VALUE这三个函数来获取系统的当前配置参数,并且可以使用SP_SET_PARA_VALUE,SP_SET_PARA_DOUBLE_VALUE和SP_SET_PARA_STRING_VALUE过程来修改静态/动态配置参数.

SP_SET_PARA_VALUE (scope int, paraname varchar(256), value int64)该过程用于修改整型静态配置参数和动态配置参数。SCOPE参数为1表示在内存和INI文件中都修改参数值,此时只能修改动态的配置参数。参数为2表示只在INI文件中修改配置参数,
此时可用来修改静态配置参数和动态配置参数。当SCOPE等于1,试图修改静态配置参数时服务器会返回错误信息。只有具有DBA角色的用户才有权限调用SP_SET _PARA_VALUE。

SP_SET_PARA_DOUBLE_VALUE (scope int, paraname varchar(8187),alue double)该过程用于修改浮点型静态配置参数和动态配置参数。SCOPE参数为1表示在内存和INI文件中都修改参数值,此时只能修改动态的配置参数。参数为2表示只在INI文件中修改配置参数,此时可用来修改静态配置参数和动态配置参数。当SCOPE等于1,试图修改静态配置参数时服务器会返回错误信息。只有具有DBA角色的用户才有权限调用SP_SET_PARA_DOUBLE_VALUE。

SF_SET_SYSTEM_PARA_VALUE (paraname varchar(256), value int64\double\varchar(256), deferred int, scope int64)该过程用于修改系统整型、double、varchar的静态配置参数或动态配置参数。DEFERRED参数,为0表示当前session修改的参数立即生效,为1表示当前session不生效,后续再生效,默认为0。SCOPE参数为1表示在内存和INI文件中都修改参数值,此时只能修改动态的配置参数。参数为2表示只在INI文件中修改配置参数,此时可用来修改静态配置参数和动态配置参数。只有具有DBA角色的用户才有权限调用SF_SET_SYSTEM_PARA_VALUE。

DM的动态INI参数分为系统级和会话级两种级别。会话级参数在服务器运行过程中被修改时,之前创建的会话不受影响,只有新创建的会话使用新的参数值。
1. SF_SET_SESSION_PARA_VALUE (paraname varchar(8187), value bigint) 设置某个会话级INI参数的值,设置的参数值只对本会话有效。
2. SP_RESET_SESSION_PARA_VALUE (paraname varchar(8187)) 重置某个会话级INI参数的值,使得这个INI参数的值和系统INI参数的值保持一致。
3. SF_GET_SESSION_PARA_VALUE (paraname varchar(8187)) 获得当前会话的某个会话级INI参数的值。

下面修改动态参数enable_auidt,scope=1同时修改内存和dm.ini文件

SQL> call sp_set_para_value(1,'ENABLE_AUDIT',1);
DMSQL executed successfully
used time: 87.566(ms). Execute id is 199.

SQL> select sf_get_para_value(1,'ENABLE_AUDIT');

LINEID     SF_GET_PARA_VALUE(1,'ENABLE_AUDIT')
---------- -----------------------------------
1          1

used time: 10.131(ms). Execute id is 200.

查询v$dm_ini视图可以看到,当前dm.ini文件中也被修改了因为file_value=1

SQL> select * from v$dm_ini where para_name='ENABLE_AUDIT';

LINEID     PARA_NAME    PARA_VALUE MIN_VALUE MAX_VALUE MPP_CHK SESS_VALUE FILE_VALUE DESCRIPTION                                                                             PARA_TYPE
---------- ------------ ---------- --------- --------- ------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------
1          ENABLE_AUDIT 1          0         2         N       1          1          Flag For Allowing Audit, 0: no audit 1: normal audit  2:normal audit and realtime audit SYS

used time: 201.366(ms). Execute id is 206.

查询v$parameter视图可以看到,当前内存中也被修改了因为sys_value=1

SQL> select * from v$parameter where name='ENABLE_AUDIT';

LINEID     ID          NAME         TYPE VALUE SYS_VALUE FILE_VALUE DESCRIPTION                                                                            
---------- ----------- ------------ ---- ----- --------- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1          385         ENABLE_AUDIT SYS  1     1         1          Flag For Allowing Audit, 0: no audit 1: normal audit  2:normal audit and realtime audit

used time: 7.130(ms). Execute id is 207.

下面修改动态参数enable_auidt,scope=2只修改dm.ini文件

SQL> call sp_set_para_value(2,'ENABLE_AUDIT',0);
DMSQL executed successfully
used time: 29.707(ms). Execute id is 208.

SQL> select sf_get_para_value(1,'ENABLE_AUDIT');

LINEID     SF_GET_PARA_VALUE(1,'ENABLE_AUDIT')
---------- -----------------------------------
1          0

查询v$dm_ini视图可以看到,当前dm.ini文件中也被修改了因为file_value=0,sess_value=1

SQL>  select * from v$dm_ini where para_name='ENABLE_AUDIT';

LINEID     PARA_NAME    PARA_VALUE MIN_VALUE MAX_VALUE MPP_CHK SESS_VALUE FILE_VALUE DESCRIPTION                                                                             PARA_TYPE
---------- ------------ ---------- --------- --------- ------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------
1          ENABLE_AUDIT 1          0         2         N       1          0          Flag For Allowing Audit, 0: no audit 1: normal audit  2:normal audit and realtime audit SYS

used time: 5.207(ms). Execute id is 209.

查询v$parameter视图可以看到,当前内存中也被修改了因为sys_value=1

SQL> select * from v$parameter where name='ENABLE_AUDIT';

LINEID     ID          NAME         TYPE VALUE SYS_VALUE FILE_VALUE DESCRIPTION                                                                            
---------- ----------- ------------ ---- ----- --------- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1          385         ENABLE_AUDIT SYS  1     1         0          Flag For Allowing Audit, 0: no audit 1: normal audit  2:normal audit and realtime audit


SQL> call sp_set_para_value(1,'SQL_TRACE_MASK',2);
call sp_set_para_value(1,'SQL_TRACE_MASK',2);
[-3503]:Invalid procedure parameter.
used time: 115.071(ms). Execute id is 0.

这里报错了,是因为SQl_TRACE_MASK参数值为字符串类型,如是可以使用以下函数来执行

SQL> call sp_set_para_string_value(1,'SQL_TRACE_MASK','2');
DMSQL executed successfully
used time: 377.128(ms). Execute id is 194.

修改成功后可以执行以下函数来验证是否成功

SQL> select sf_get_para_string_value(1,'SQL_TRACE_MASK');

LINEID     SF_GET_PARA_STRING_VALUE(1,'SQL_TRACE_MASK')
---------- --------------------------------------------
1          2

used time: 246.480(ms). Execute id is 198.

如果想要简单可以直接使用sf_set_system_para_value来修改参数就不用管参数的类型

SQL> call sf_set_system_para_value('SQL_TRACE_MASK','1',0,1);
DMSQL executed successfully
used time: 23.178(ms). Execute id is 212.

SQL> select sf_get_para_string_value(1,'SQL_TRACE_MASK');

LINEID     SF_GET_PARA_STRING_VALUE(1,'SQL_TRACE_MASK')
---------- --------------------------------------------
1          1

used time: 5.660(ms). Execute id is 214.

Oracle ASM使用asmcmd中的cp命令来执行远程复制

Oracle ASM使用asmcmd中的cp命令来执行远程复制
cp命令的语法如下:

cp src_file [--target target_type] [--service service_name] [--port port_num] [connect_str:]tgt_file

–target target_type是用来指定asmcmd命令执行复制操作必须要连接到的实例的目标类型。有效选项为ASM,IOS或APX。
–service service_name如果缺省值不是+ASM,用来指定Oracle ASM实例名
–port port_num 缺省值是1521,用来指定监听端口

connect_str用来指定连接到远程实例的连接串。connect_str对于本地实例的复制是不需要指定的。对于远程实例复制,必须指定连接串并且会提示输入密码。它的格式如下:
user@host.SID
user,host和SID都是需要指定的。缺省端口为1521,也可以使用–port选项来修改。连接权限(sysasm或sysdba)是由启动asmcmd命令时由–privilege选项所决定的。

src_file 被复制的源文件名,它必须是一个完整路径文件名或一个Oracle ASM别名。在执行asmcmd复制时,Oracle ASM会创建一个OMF文件例如:
diskgroup/db_unique_name/file_type/file_name.#.#
其中db_unique_name被设置为ASM,#为数字。在复制过程中cp命令会对目标地址创建目录结构并对实际创建的OMF文件创建别名。

tgt_file 复制操作所创建的目标文件名或一个别名目录名的别名。

注意,cp命令不能在两个远程实例之间复制文件。在执行cp命令时本地Oracle ASM实例必须是源地址或目标地址。

使用cp命令可以执行以下三种复制操作:
1.从磁盘组中复制文件到操作系统中
2.从磁盘组中复制文件到磁盘组中
3.从操作系统中复制文件到磁盘组中

注意有些文件是不能执行复制的,比如OCR和SPFILE文件。为了备份,复制或移动Oracle ASM SPFILE文件,可以使用spbackup,spcopy或spmove命令。为了复制OCR备份文件,源地址必须是磁盘组。

如果文件存储在Oracle ASM磁盘组中,复制操作是可以跨字节序的(Little-Endian and Big-Endian)。Orale ASM会自动转换文件格式。在非Oracle ASM文件与Oracle ASM磁盘组之间是可以对不同字节序平台进行复制的,在复制完成后执行命令来对文件进行转换操作即可。

首先显示+data/cs/datafile目录中的所有文件

ASMCMD [+data/cs/datafile] > ls -lt
Type      Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  N    jy01.dbf => +DATA/cs/DATAFILE/JY.331.976296525
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  Y    USERS.275.970601909
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  Y    UNDOTBS2.284.970602381
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  Y    UNDOTBS1.274.970601905
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  Y    TEST.326.976211663
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  Y    SYSTEM.272.970601831
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  Y    SYSAUX.273.970601881
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  Y    JY.331.976296525
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   MAR 12 18:00:00  Y    USERS.261.970598319
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   MAR 12 18:00:00  Y    UNDOTBS1.260.970598319
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   MAR 12 18:00:00  Y    SYSTEM.258.970598233
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   MAR 12 18:00:00  Y    SYSAUX.259.970598293

将+data/cs/datafile/JY.331.976296525文件从磁盘组中复制到操作系统中

ASMCMD [+] > cp +data/cs/datafile/JY.331.976296525 /home/grid/JY.bak
copying +data/cs/datafile/JY.331.976296525 -> /home/grid/JY.bak

将操作系统中的文件复制到磁盘组中

ASMCMD [+] > cp /home/grid/JY.bak +data/cs/datafile/JY.bak
copying /home/grid/JY.bak -> +data/cs/datafile/JY.bak

ASMCMD [+] > ls -lt  +data/cs/datafile/
Type      Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  N    jy01.dbf => +DATA/cs/DATAFILE/JY.331.976296525
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  Y    USERS.275.970601909
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  Y    UNDOTBS2.284.970602381
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  Y    UNDOTBS1.274.970601905
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  Y    TEST.326.976211663
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  Y    SYSTEM.272.970601831
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  Y    SYSAUX.273.970601881
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  N    JY.bak => +DATA/ASM/DATAFILE/JY.bak.453.984396007
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 17 11:00:00  Y    JY.331.976296525
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   MAR 12 18:00:00  Y    USERS.261.970598319
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   MAR 12 18:00:00  Y    UNDOTBS1.260.970598319
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   MAR 12 18:00:00  Y    SYSTEM.258.970598233
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   MAR 12 18:00:00  Y    SYSAUX.259.970598293

将+data/cs/datafile/JY.331.976296525文件从磁盘组中复制到远程ASM实例的磁盘组中

ASMCMD [+] > cp +data/cs/datafile/JY.331.976296525 sys@10.138.130.175.+ASM1:+TEST/JY.bak
Enter password: ***********
copying +data/cs/datafile/JY.331.976296525 -> 10.138.130.175:+TEST/JY.bak

ASMCMD [+test] > ls -lt
Type      Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
                                            N    rman_backup/
                                            N    arch/
                                            Y    JY/
                                            Y    DUP/
                                            Y    CS_DG/
                                            Y    ASM/
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   AUG 17 16:00:00  N    JY.bak => +TEST/ASM/DATAFILE/JY.bak.342.984413875

将+data/cs/datafile/JY.331.976296525文件从磁盘组中复制到远程ASM实例所在服务器的操作系统中

ASMCMD [+] > cp +data/cs/datafile/JY.331.976296525 sys@10.138.130.175.+ASM1:/home/grid/JY.bak
Enter password: ***********
copying +data/cs/datafile/JY.331.976296525 -> 10.138.130.175:/home/grid/JY.bak

[grid@jytest1 ~]$ ls -lrt
-rw-r----- 1 grid oinstall 104865792 Aug 17 16:21 JY.bak

使用asmcmd cp命令比使用dbms_file_transfer来方便些。

Oracle 12C ASM asmcmd amdu_extract

amdu_extract命令用来从磁盘组中抽取文件,其语法如下:

ASMCMD [+DATA/cs/DATAFILE] > help amdu_extract
amdu_extract
        Calls AMDU to extract  from 

Synopsis
        amdu_extract   

Description
        The options for amdu_extract command are described below:
        disk group - Name of the disk group containing the file to be extracted.        
        file       - Name of the file to be extracted. Can be specified as either an absolute or a relative path.
        diskstring - Specifies the value for the discovery diskstring.

Examples
        The following example uses amdu_extract to extract the parameter file from the '+datafile' 
        disk group.

        ASMCMD [+] > amdu_extract datafile +datafile/parameterfile/spfile.ora /devices/disk*

其中diskgroup为被抽取文件所在的磁盘组名字,file_name,被抽取文件的Oracle ASM别名,disk_string为Oracle ASM发现磁盘字符串。而且amdu_extract实际是调用的AMDU工具来抽取文件

查询数据库cs的所有数据文件,这里我们要抽取的文件名是JY.331.976296525

ASMCMD [+DATA/cs/DATAFILE] > ls -lrt
WARNING:option 'r' is deprecated for 'ls'
please use 'reverse'

Type      Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   MAR 12 18:00:00  Y    SYSAUX.259.970598293
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   MAR 12 18:00:00  Y    SYSTEM.258.970598233
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   MAR 12 18:00:00  Y    UNDOTBS1.260.970598319
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   MAR 12 18:00:00  Y    USERS.261.970598319
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 16 11:00:00  Y    JY.331.976296525
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 16 11:00:00  Y    SYSAUX.273.970601881
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 16 11:00:00  Y    SYSTEM.272.970601831
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 16 11:00:00  Y    TEST.326.976211663
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 16 11:00:00  Y    UNDOTBS1.274.970601905
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 16 11:00:00  Y    UNDOTBS2.284.970602381
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   AUG 16 11:00:00  Y    USERS.275.970601909

SQL> select name,file_number from v$asm_alias where file_number<>4294967295 and (name like '%jy%' or name like '%JY%');

NAME                                                                                                                                         FILE_NUMBER
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------
JY.331.976296525                                                                                                                                     331

ASMCMD [+DATA/cs/DATAFILE] > amdu_extract DATA +DATA/cs/DATAFILE/JY.331.976296525 /dev/asm*
ASMCMD-8024: file number could not be determined for alias name '+DATA/cs/DATAFILE/JY.331.976296525' 
< ?pre>
可以看到提示信息说通过文件别名不能判断文件号,实际上+DATA/cs/DATAFILE/JY.331.976296525是Oracle在ASM中创建的数据文件名,并不是别名。如是我们来手动为+DATA/cs/DATAFILE/JY.331.976296525增加别名jy01.dbf
SQL> alter diskgroup data add alias '+DATA/cs/DATAFILE/jy01.dbf' for '+DATA/cs/DATAFILE/JY.331.976296525';

Diskgroup altered.


SQL> select name,file_number from v$asm_alias where file_number<>4294967295 and (name like '%jy%' or name like '%JY%');

NAME                                                                                                                                         FILE_NUMBER
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------
JY.331.976296525                                                                                                                                     331
jy01.dbf                                                                                                                                             331

ASMCMD [+DATA/cs/DATAFILE] > amdu_extract DATA +DATA/cs/DATAFILE/jy01.dbf /dev/asm*
amdu_2018_08_16_19_17_42/

[grid@cs1 ~]$ ls -lrt

drwxr-xr-x 2 grid oinstall     40 Aug 16 19:17 amdu_2018_08_16_19_17_42
[grid@cs1 ~]$ cd amdu_2018_08_16_19_17_42
[grid@cs1 amdu_2018_08_16_19_17_42]$ ls -lrt
total 102416
-rw-r--r-- 1 grid oinstall      8103 Aug 16 19:17 report.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 grid oinstall 104865792 Aug 16 19:17 DATA_331.f

使用amdu工具来抽取数据文件是指定Oracle ASM发现磁盘字符串和磁盘组.数据文件序号

[grid@cs2 ~]$ amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.331'
amdu_2018_08_16_19_20_59/
AMDU-00204: Disk N0004 is in currently mounted diskgroup DATA.
AMDU-00201: Disk N0004: '/dev/asmdisk04'
[grid@cs2 ~]$ cd amdu_2018_08_16_19_20_59/
[grid@cs2 amdu_2018_08_16_19_20_59]$ ls -lrt
total 102420
-rw-r--r-- 1 grid oinstall      8291 Aug 16 19:21 report.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 grid oinstall 104865792 Aug 16 19:21 DATA_331.f

可以看到使用amdu与asmcmd的amdu_extract所抽取的同一个文件大小都是104865792。

Oracle 12C Database File Mapping for Oracle ASM Files

为了理解I/O性能,你必须要详细了解存储文件的存储层次信息。Oracle提供了一组动态性能视国来显示文件到逻辑卷中间层到实际的物理设备之间的映射信息。使用这些动态性能视图,可以找到一个文件的任何数据块所内置的实际物理磁盘。Oracle数据库使用一个名叫FMON的后台进程来管理映射信息。Oracle提供了PL/SQL dbms_storage_map包来将映射操作填充到映射视图中。Oracle数据库文件映射当映射Oracle ASM文件时不需要使用第三方的动态库。另外,Oracle数据库支持在所有操作系统平台上对Oracle ASM文件的映射。

对Oracle ASM文件启用文件映射
为了启用文件映射,需要将参数file_mapping设置为true。数据库实例不必关闭来设置这个参数。可以使用以下alter system语句来设置这个参数:

SQL> alter system set file_mapping=true scope=both sid='*';

System altered.

执行合适的dbms_storage_map映射过程
.在冷启动情况下,Oracle数据库在刚刚启动时没有映射操作被调用。可以执行dbms_storage_map.map_all过程来为数据库相关的整个I/O子系统来构建映射信息。例如,下面的命令构建映射信息并且提供10000事件:

SQL> execute dbms_storage_map.map_all(10000);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

.在暖启动情况下,Oracle数据库已经构建了映射信息,可以选择执行dbms_storage_map.map_save过程来将映射信息保存在数据字典中。缺省情况下这个过程将被dbms_storage_map.map_all过程调用,这将强制SGA中的所有映射信息被刷新到磁盘。缺省情况下dbms_storage_map.map_save过程将被dbms_storage_map.map_all()。在重启数据库后,使用dbms_storage_map.restore()过程来还原映射信息到SGA中。如果需要,dbms_storage_map.map_all()可以用来刷新映射信息。

由dbms_storage_map包生成的映射信息会被捕获到动态性能视图中。这些视图包括v$map_comp_list,v$map_element,v$map_ext_element,v$map_file,v$map_file_extent,v$map_file_io_stack,v$map_library与v$map_subelement。
可以使用v$map_file来查询文件映射信息:

SQL> select file_map_idx, substr(file_name,1,45), file_type, file_structure from v$map_file;

FILE_MAP_IDX SUBSTR(FILE_NAME,1,45)                                                                     FILE_TYPE   FILE_STRU
------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------- ---------
           0 +DATA/CS/DATAFILE/system.272.970601831                                                     DATAFILE    ASMFILE
           1 +DATA/CS/DATAFILE/sysaux.273.970601881                                                     DATAFILE    ASMFILE
           2 +DATA/CS/DATAFILE/undotbs1.274.970601905                                                   DATAFILE    ASMFILE
           3 +DATA/CS/4700A987085B3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B/DAT                                              DATAFILE    ASMFILE
           4 +DATA/CS/4700A987085B3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B/DAT                                              DATAFILE    ASMFILE
           5 +DATA/CS/DATAFILE/users.275.970601909                                                      DATAFILE    ASMFILE
           6 +DATA/CS/4700A987085B3DFAE05387E5E50A8C7B/DAT                                              DATAFILE    ASMFILE
           7 +DATA/CS/DATAFILE/undotbs2.284.970602381                                                   DATAFILE    ASMFILE
           8 +DATA/CS/DATAFILE/test.326.976211663                                                       DATAFILE    ASMFILE
           9 +DATA/CS/DATAFILE/jy.331.976296525                                                         DATAFILE    ASMFILE
          10 +DATA/CS/6C61AD7B443C2CD2E053BE828A0A2A74/DAT                                              DATAFILE    ASMFILE
          11 +DATA/CS/6C61AD7B443C2CD2E053BE828A0A2A74/DAT                                              DATAFILE    ASMFILE
          12 +DATA/CS/6C61AD7B443C2CD2E053BE828A0A2A74/DAT                                              DATAFILE    ASMFILE
          13 +DATA/CS/ONLINELOG/group_2.277.970601985                                                   LOGFILE     ASMFILE
          14 +DATA/CS/ONLINELOG/group_1.278.970601985                                                   LOGFILE     ASMFILE
          15 +DATA/CS/ONLINELOG/group_3.285.970602759                                                   LOGFILE     ASMFILE
          16 +DATA/CS/ONLINELOG/group_4.286.970602761                                                   LOGFILE     ASMFILE
          17 +DATA/CS/ONLINELOG/redo05.log                                                              LOGFILE     ASMFILE
          18 +DATA/CS/ONLINELOG/redo06.log                                                              LOGFILE     ASMFILE
          19 +DATA/CS/ONLINELOG/redo07.log                                                              LOGFILE     ASMFILE
          20 +DATA/CS/ONLINELOG/redo08.log                                                              LOGFILE     ASMFILE
          21 +DATA/CS/ONLINELOG/redo09.log                                                              LOGFILE     ASMFILE
          22 +DATA/CS/ONLINELOG/redo10.log                                                              LOGFILE     ASMFILE
          23 +DATA/CS/TEMPFILE/temp.279.970602003                                                       TEMPFILE    ASMFILE
          24 +DATA/CS/67369AA1C9AA3E71E053BE828A0A8262/TEM                                              TEMPFILE    ASMFILE
          25 +DATA/CS/6C61AD7B443C2CD2E053BE828A0A2A74/TEM                                              TEMPFILE    ASMFILE
          26 +DATA/arch/1_222_970601983.dbf                                                             ARCHIVEFILE ASMFILE
          27 +DATA/arch/1_223_970601983.dbf                                                             ARCHIVEFILE ASMFILE
          28 +DATA/arch/2_277_970601983.dbf                                                             ARCHIVEFILE ASMFILE
          29 +DATA/arch/2_278_970601983.dbf                                                             ARCHIVEFILE ASMFILE
          30 +DATA/arch/2_279_970601983.dbf                                                             ARCHIVEFILE ASMFILE
          31 +DATA/CS/CONTROLFILE/current.276.970601979                                                 CONTROLFILE ASMFILE

31 rows selected.

可以使用dbms_storage_map PL/SQL包中的过程来控制映射操作。例如,可以使用dbms_storage_map.map_object过程通过指定对象名,所有者与类型来对数据库对象来构建映射信息。在dbms_storage_map.map_object过程运行之后,那么可以通过查询map_object视图来查询映射信息

SQL> execute dbms_storage_map.map_object('T1','C##TEST','TABLE');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select io.object_name o_name, io.object_owner o_owner, io.object_type o_type,
  2  mf.file_name, me.elem_name, io.depth,
  3  (sum(io.cu_size * (io.num_cu - decode(io.parity_period, 0, 0,
  4  trunc(io.num_cu / io.parity_period)))) / 2) o_size
  5  from map_object io, v$map_element me, v$map_file mf
  6  where io.object_name = 'T1'
  7  and io.object_owner = 'C##TEST'
and io.object_type = 'TABLE'
  8    9  and me.elem_idx = io.elem_idx
 10  and mf.file_map_idx = io.file_map_idx
 11  group by io.elem_idx, io.file_map_idx, me.elem_name, mf.file_name, io.depth,
 12  io.object_name, io.object_owner, io.object_type
 13  order by io.depth;

O_NAME               O_OWNER              O_TYP FILE_NAME                                          ELEM_NAME                 DEPTH     O_SIZE
-------------------- -------------------- ----- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
T1                   C##TEST              TABLE +DATA/CS/DATAFILE/users.275.970601909              +/dev/asmdisk04               0         64

Oracle Linux 7使用syslog来管理Oracle ASM的审计文件

使用syslog来管理Oracle ASM的审计文件
如果不对Oracle ASM实例的审计文件目录进行定期维护那么它将会包含大量的审计文件。如果存在大理审计文件可能会造成文件系统耗尽磁盘空间或indoes,或者由于文件系统扩展限制而造成Oracle运行缓慢,还有可能造成Oracle ASM实例在启动时hang住。这里将介绍如何使用Linux syslog工具来管理Oracle ASM审计记录,因此通过使用操作系统的syslog工具来代替单独的audit_dump_dest目录来记录Oracle ASM审计记录。下面将介绍具体的操作,而且这些操作必须对于RAC环境中的每个节点执行。
1.对Oracle ASM实例设置audit_syslog_level与audit_sys_operations参数

SQL> show parameter audit_sys_

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
audit_sys_operations                 boolean     TRUE
audit_syslog_level                   string

SQL> alter system set AUDIT_SYSLOG_LEVEL='local0.info' scope=spfile sid='*';

System altered.

由于audit_sys_operations参数默认为启用所以不用进行设置了。

2.为Oracle ASM审计配置/etc/syslog.conf
通过执行以下两处改变来对Oracle ASM审计配置syslog的配置文件/etc/syslog.conf或/etc/rsyslog.conf:
2.1在/etc/syslog.conf或/etc/rsyslog.conf文件中增加以下内容

local0.info   /var/log/oracle_asm_audit.log

2.2在/etc/syslog.conf或/etc/rsyslog.conf文件中的/var/log/messages这一行增加local0.none,修改后的配置如下:

*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none;local0.none   /var/log/messages
[root@cs1 ~]# vi /etc/rsyslog.conf
 
 ....省略....

# Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.
# Don't log private authentication messages!
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none;local0.none    /var/log/messages
local0.info                                            /var/log/oracle_asm_audit.log


[root@cs2 ~]# vi /etc/rsyslog.conf
 ....省略....

# Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.
# Don't log private authentication messages!
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none;local0.none    /var/log/messages
local0.info                                            /var/log/oracle_asm_audit.log

3.配置logrotate来管理syslog日志文件
Linux的logrotate工具被用来管理Oracle ASM审计的syslog日志文件的大小与数量,创建文件/etc/logrotate.d/oracle_asm_audit,并向文件增加以下内容:

/var/log/oracle_asm_audit.log {
  weekly
  rotate 4
  compress
  copytruncate
  delaycompress
  notifempty
}
[root@cs1 ~]# cd /etc/logrotate.d/
[root@cs1 logrotate.d]# pwd
/etc/logrotate.d
[root@cs1 logrotate.d]# vi oracle_asm_audit
/var/log/oracle_asm_audit.log {
  weekly
  rotate 4
  compress
  copytruncate
  delaycompress
  notifempty
}

[root@cs2 ~]# cd /etc/logrotate.d/
[root@cs1 logrotate.d]# pwd
/etc/logrotate.d
[root@cs1 logrotate.d]# vi oracle_asm_audit
/var/log/oracle_asm_audit.log {
  weekly
  rotate 4
  compress
  copytruncate
  delaycompress
  notifempty
}

4.重启Oracle ASM实例与rsyslog服务
为了使用这些改变生效必须重启Oracle ASM实例与rsyslog服务。可以使用crsctl stop cluster -all与crsctl start cluster -all在任何一个RAC节点上执行来重启Oracle ASM实例,这个操作会将数据库实例也关闭。

[root@cs1 bin]# /u01/app/product/12.2.0/crs/bin/crsctl stop cluster -all
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'cs2'
CRS-2790: Starting shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on server 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.chad' on 'cs2'
CRS-2790: Starting shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on server 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cs.db' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cs.db' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.qosmserver' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gns' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gns' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cs.db' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.CRS.dg' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.CRS.dg' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cs2.vip' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.chad' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.chad' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.scan1.vip' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cs.db' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cvu' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gns.vip' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER.lsnr' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.scan2.vip' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.scan3.vip' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cs2.vip' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gns.vip' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.scan1.vip' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.scan3.vip' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ons' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.scan2.vip' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ons' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.net1.network' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.net1.network' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2792: Shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'cs2' has completed
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.chad' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.mgmtdb' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crsd' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ctssd' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'cs2'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.storage' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cvu' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.storage' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ctssd' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.mgmtdb' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.MGMTLSNR' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.CRS.dg' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.CRS.dg' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.qosmserver' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.MGMTLSNR' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cs1.vip' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cs1.vip' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'cs2'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ons' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ons' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.net1.network' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.net1.network' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2792: Shutdown of Cluster Ready Services-managed resources on 'cs1' has completed
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crsd' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ctssd' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'cs1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.storage' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.storage' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ctssd' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'cs1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'cs1' succeeded


[root@cs1 bin]# /u01/app/product/12.2.0/crs/bin/crsctl start cluster -all
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'cs1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.evmd' on 'cs1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.evmd' on 'cs2'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'cs2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'cs2'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'cs2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'cs1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'cs1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.evmd' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.evmd' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.ctssd' on 'cs2'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'cs2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.ctssd' on 'cs1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'cs1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.ctssd' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.ctssd' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'cs1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'cs2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.storage' on 'cs2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.storage' on 'cs1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.storage' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.crsd' on 'cs1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.crsd' on 'cs1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.storage' on 'cs2' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.crsd' on 'cs2'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.crsd' on 'cs2' succeeded

执行service rsyslog restart命令来重启rsyslog服务

[root@cs1 bin]# service rsyslog restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  rsyslog.service
[root@cs1 bin]# service rsyslog status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status  rsyslog.service
rsyslog.service - System Logging Service
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyslog.service; enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2018-08-01 15:13:22 CST; 12s ago
 Main PID: 23011 (rsyslogd)
   CGroup: /system.slice/rsyslog.service
           鈹斺攢23011 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n

Aug 01 15:13:22 cs1.jy.net systemd[1]: Started System Logging Service.

[root@cs2 logrotate.d]#  service rsyslog restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart  rsyslog.service
[root@cs2 logrotate.d]# service rsyslog status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status  rsyslog.service
rsyslog.service - System Logging Service
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyslog.service; enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2018-08-01 15:13:54 CST; 7s ago
 Main PID: 9809 (rsyslogd)
   CGroup: /system.slice/rsyslog.service
           鈹斺攢9809 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n

Aug 01 15:13:54 cs2.jy.net systemd[1]: Started System Logging Service.

5.验证Oracle ASM审计记录是否被记录到/var/log/oracle_asm_audit.log中

[root@cs1 bin]# tail -f /var/log/oracle_asm_audit.log
Aug  1 15:13:46 cs1 journal: Oracle Audit[23601]: LENGTH : '317' ACTION :[80] 'begin dbms_diskgroup.close(:handle); exception when others then   raise;   end;
Aug  1 15:13:48 cs1 journal: Oracle Audit[23610]: LENGTH : '244' ACTION :[7] 'CONNECT' DATABASE USER:[1] '/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSDBA' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[0] '' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[0] '' SESSIONID:[10] '4294967295' USERHOST:[10] 'cs1.jy.net' CLIENT ADDRESS:[0] '' ACTION NUMBER:[3] '100'
Aug  1 15:13:50 cs1 journal: Oracle Audit[23654]: LENGTH : '244' ACTION :[7] 'CONNECT' DATABASE USER:[1] '/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSDBA' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[0] '' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[0] '' SESSIONID:[10] '4294967295' USERHOST:[10] 'cs1.jy.net' CLIENT ADDRESS:[0] '' ACTION NUMBER:[3] '100'
Aug  1 15:13:50 cs1 journal: Oracle Audit[23654]: LENGTH : '494' ACTION :[257] 'select name_kfgrp, number_kfgrp, incarn_kfgrp, compat_kfgrp, dbcompat_kfgrp, state_kfgrp, flags32_kfgrp, type_kfgrp, refcnt_kfgrp, sector_kfgrp, blksize_kfgrp, ausize_kfgrp , totmb_kfgrp, freemb_kfgrp, coldmb_kfgrp, hotmb_kfgrp, minspc_kfgrp, usable_kfgrp, ' DATABASE USER:[1] '/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSDBA' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[0] '' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[0] '' SESSIONID:[10] '4294967295' USERHOST:[10] 'cs1.jy.net' CLIENT ADDRESS:[0] '' ACTION NUMBER:[1] '3'
Aug  1 15:13:50 cs1 journal: Oracle Audit[23654]: LENGTH : '308' ACTION :[071] 'offline_kfgrp, lflags_kfgrp  , logical_sector_kfgrp  from x$kfgrp_stat
Aug  1 15:13:55 cs1 journal: Oracle Audit[23681]: LENGTH : '244' ACTION :[7] 'CONNECT' DATABASE USER:[1] '/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSDBA' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[0] '' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[0] '' SESSIONID:[10] '4294967295' USERHOST:[10] 'cs1.jy.net' CLIENT ADDRESS:[0] '' ACTION NUMBER:[3] '100'
Aug  1 15:13:56 cs1 journal: Oracle Audit[23681]: LENGTH : '370' ACTION :[132] 'begin dbms_diskgroup.openpwfile(:NAME,:lblksize,:fsz,:handle,:pblksz,:fmode,:genfname);  exception when others then   raise;   end;
Aug  1 15:13:56 cs1 journal: Oracle Audit[23681]: LENGTH : '355' ACTION :[117] 'begin dbms_diskgroup.read(:handle,:offset,:length,:buffer,:reason,:mirr); exception when others then   raise;   end;
Aug  1 15:13:56 cs1 journal: Oracle Audit[23681]: LENGTH : '355' ACTION :[117] 'begin dbms_diskgroup.read(:handle,:offset,:length,:buffer,:reason,:mirr); exception when others then   raise;   end;
Aug  1 15:13:56 cs1 journal: Oracle Audit[23681]: LENGTH : '317' ACTION :[80] 'begin dbms_diskgroup.close(:handle); exception when others then   raise;   end;


[root@cs2 logrotate.d]# tail -f /var/log/oracle_asm_audit.log
Aug  1 15:14:46 cs2 journal: Oracle Audit[9928]: LENGTH : '299' ACTION :[51] 'BEGIN DBMS_SESSION.USE_DEFAULT_EDITION_ALWAYS; END;' DATABASE USER:[1] '/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSRAC' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[0] '' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[10] '1386528187' SESSIONID:[10] '4294967295' USERHOST:[10] 'cs2.jy.net' CLIENT ADDRESS:[0] '' ACTION NUMBER:[2] '47'
Aug  1 15:14:46 cs2 journal: Oracle Audit[9928]: LENGTH : '287' ACTION :[39] 'ALTER SESSION SET "_notify_crs" = false' DATABASE USER:[1] '/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSRAC' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[0] '' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[10] '1386528187' SESSIONID:[10] '4294967295' USERHOST:[10] 'cs2.jy.net' CLIENT ADDRESS:[0] '' ACTION NUMBER:[2] '42'
Aug  1 15:14:46 cs2 journal: Oracle Audit[9926]: LENGTH : '287' ACTION :[39] 'ALTER SESSION SET "_notify_crs" = false' DATABASE USER:[1] '/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSRAC' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[0] '' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[10] '1386528187' SESSIONID:[10] '4294967295' USERHOST:[10] 'cs2.jy.net' CLIENT ADDRESS:[0] '' ACTION NUMBER:[2] '42'
Aug  1 15:14:47 cs2 journal: Oracle Audit[9928]: LENGTH : '292' ACTION :[45] 'SELECT value FROM v$parameter WHERE name = :1' DATABASE USER:[1] '/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSRAC' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[0] '' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[10] '1386528187' SESSIONID:[10] '4294967295' USERHOST:[10] 'cs2.jy.net' CLIENT ADDRESS:[0] '' ACTION NUMBER:[1] '3'
Aug  1 15:14:47 cs2 journal: Oracle Audit[9928]: LENGTH : '292' ACTION :[45] 'SELECT value FROM v$parameter WHERE name = :1' DATABASE USER:[1] '/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSRAC' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[0] '' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[10] '1386528187' SESSIONID:[10] '4294967295' USERHOST:[10] 'cs2.jy.net' CLIENT ADDRESS:[0] '' ACTION NUMBER:[1] '3'
Aug  1 15:14:47 cs2 journal: Oracle Audit[9928]: LENGTH : '292' ACTION :[45] 'SELECT value FROM v$parameter WHERE name = :1' DATABASE USER:[1] '/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSRAC' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[0] '' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[10] '1386528187' SESSIONID:[10] '4294967295' USERHOST:[10] 'cs2.jy.net' CLIENT ADDRESS:[0] '' ACTION NUMBER:[1] '3'
Aug  1 15:14:47 cs2 journal: Oracle Audit[9928]: LENGTH : '292' ACTION :[45] 'SELECT value FROM v$parameter WHERE name = :1' DATABASE USER:[1] '/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSRAC' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[0] '' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[10] '1386528187' SESSIONID:[10] '4294967295' USERHOST:[10] 'cs2.jy.net' CLIENT ADDRESS:[0] '' ACTION NUMBER:[1] '3'
Aug  1 15:15:01 cs2 journal: Oracle Audit[9944]: LENGTH : '244' ACTION :[7] 'CONNECT' DATABASE USER:[1] '/' PRIVILEGE :[6] 'SYSDBA' CLIENT USER:[6] 'oracle' CLIENT TERMINAL:[0] '' STATUS:[1] '0' DBID:[0] '' SESSIONID:[10] '4294967295' USERHOST:[10] 'cs2.jy.net' CLIENT ADDRESS:[0] '' ACTION NUMBER:[3] '100'

可以看到Oracle ASM审计记录已经被记录到了/var/log/oracle_asm_audit.log文件中。

Oracle Linux 7使用cron来管理Oracle ASM审计文件目录的增长

使用cron来管理Oracle ASM审计文件目录的增长
如果不对Oracle ASM实例的审计文件目录进行定期维护那么它将会包含大量的审计文件。如果存在大理审计文件可能会造成文件系统耗尽磁盘空间或indoes,或者由于文件系统扩展限制而造成Oracle运行缓慢,还有可能造成Oracle ASM实例在启动时hang住。这里将介绍如何使用Linux的cron工具来管理Oracle ASM审计文件目录的文件数量。

下面将介绍具体的操作,而且这些操作必须对于RAC环境中的每个节点执行。
1.识别Oracle ASM审计目录
这里有三个目录可能存在Oracle ASM的审计文件。所有三个目录都要控制让其不要过度增长。两个缺省目录是基于Oracle ASM实例启动时环境变量的设置。为了判断系统右的缺省目录,以安装Grid Infrastructure软件的用户(grid)登录系统,设置环境变量,因此可以连接到Oracle ASM实例,运行echo命令。

[grid@cs1 ~]$ . /usr/local/bin/oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [+ASM1] ? +ASM1
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/grid

[grid@cs1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/audit
/u01/app/product/12.2.0/crs/rdbms/audit

[grid@cs1 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/adump
/u01/app/grid/admin/+ASM1/adump


[grid@cs2 ~]$ . /usr/local/bin/oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [+ASM2] ? 
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/grid

[grid@cs2 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/audit
/u01/app/product/12.2.0/crs/rdbms/audit

[grid@cs2 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/adump
/u01/app/grid/admin/+ASM2/adump

第三个Oracle ASM审计目录可以使用SQL*Plus登录Oracle ASM实例后进行查询

grid@cs1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Aug 1 14:13:47 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> select value from v$parameter where name = 'audit_file_dest';

VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/product/12.2.0/crs/rdbms/audit

这里第三个目录与第一个目录是相同的

2.给Grid Infrastructure软件用户使用cron的权限
Oracle ASM的审计文件是由Grid Infrastructure软件用户所创建的,它通常为oracle或grid。移动或删除审计文件的命令必须由Grid Infrastructure软件用户来执行。在Oracle Linux中如果/etc/cron.allow 文件存在,只有在文件中出现其登录名称的用户可以使用 crontab 命令。root 用户的登录名必须出现在cron.allow 文件中,如果/etc/cron.deny 文件存在,并且用户的登录名列在其中,那么这些用户将不能执行crontab命令。如果只有/etc/cron.deny 文件存在,任一名称没有出现在这个文件中的用户可以使用crontab 命令。在Oracle Linux 7.1中只有/etc/cron.deny文件,而且访文件没有任何用户存在,就是说所有用户都能执行crontab命令。

[root@cs1 etc]# cat cron.deny

[root@cs1 etc]# ls -lrt crontab
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 451 Apr 29  2014 crontab

[root@cs1 etc]# chmod 777 crontab
[root@cs1 etc]# ls -lrt crontab
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 451 Apr 29  2014 crontab

3.添加命令到crontab来管理审计文件
以Grid Infrastructure软件用户来向crontab文件增加命令

[grid@cs1 ~]$ crontab -e

0 6 * * sun /usr/bin/find /u01/app/product/12.2.0/crs/rdbms/audit /u01/app/grid/admin/+ASM1/adump /u01/app/product/12.2.0/crs/rdbms/audit -maxdepth 1 -name '*.aud' -mtime +30 -delete

这个crontab条目在每个星期日的上午6点执行find命令,find命令将从三个审计目录中找出保存时间超过30天的所有审计文件将其删除。如果想要保存审计文件更长的时间,那么在执行find命令后,将相关审计文件移到备份目录中,例如:


0 6 * * sun /usr/bin/find /u01/app/product/12.2.0/crs/rdbms/audit /u01/app/grid/admin/+ASM1/adump /u01/app/product/12.2.0/crs/rdbms/audit -maxdepth 1 -name '*.aud' -mtime +30 -execdir 

/bin/mv {} /archived_audit_dir \;

检查crontab

[grid@cs1 ~]$ crontab -l

0 6 * * sun /usr/bin/find /u01/app/product/12.2.0/crs/rdbms/audit /u01/app/grid/admin/+ASM1/adump /u01/app/product/12.2.0/crs/rdbms/audit -maxdepth 1 -name '*.aud' -mtime +30 -delete

达梦DIsql

DIsql工具是一款类似于SQL*Plus的工具,这里介绍如何启动DIsql并成功登录到数据库、如何远程登录到其他数据库、如何使用以及如何退出DIsql。
启动DIsql
为了使用DIsql,必须首先要启动DIsql。DIsql工具可以广泛用于各种操作系统,如WINDOWS、LINUX等。启动之后,当出现“SQL&gt”符号时,用户就可以利用DM提供的SQL语句和数据库进行交互操作了,需要注意的是,在DIsql中SQL语句应以分号“;”结束。对于执行语句块,创建触发器,存储过程,函数,包,模式等时需要用“/”结束。
1.1在WINDOWS系统中启动DIsql
WINDOWS环境下,有两种启动DIsql的方式。第一种是启动安装软件后生成的程序菜单,第二种是启动安装目录下自带的DIsql工具。
1.1.1程序菜单启动
如果在WINDOWS环境中安装了DM数据库产品,那么可以在应用菜单中找到SQL交互式查询工具,直接双击即可启动。然后使用LOGIN或CONN命令登录到指定数据库。LOGIN或CONN命令下文有详细介绍。以LOGIN为例,登录到IP地址为10.18.30.190的机器上,用户名和密码为:SYSDBA/SYSDBA,端口号为5236。其他全部敲回车,采用缺省输入。密码不会回显到屏幕上。

disql V7.1.6.48-Build(2018.03.01-89507)ENT
SQL> login
服务名:10.18.30.190
用户名:sysdba
密码:
端口号:5236
SSL路径:
SSL密码:
UKEY名称:
UKEY PIN码:
MPP类型:
是否读写分离(y/n):n
协议类型:

服务器[10.18.30.190:5236]:处于普通打开状态
登录使用时间 :380.428(ms)
SQL>

也可以全部直接回车,采用缺省输入,登录到本地DM数据库。缺省值请参考下文LOGIN命令
1.1.2自带DIsql工具启动
DIsql工具位于DM数据库安装目录的bin子目录下,例如DM数据库的安装目录为E:\dmdbms,则DIsql位于E:\dmdbms\bin\DIsql.exe。双击启动,然后输入用户名、密码,就可登录到本地DM数据库实例。密码不会回显到屏幕上。也可以全部直接回车,采用缺省输入,缺省值为SYSDBA/SYSDBA。

disql V7.1.6.48-Build(2018.03.01-89507)ENT
用户名:sysdba
密码:

服务器[LOCALHOST:5236]:处于普通打开状态
登录使用时间: 58.363(毫秒)
Connected to: DM 7.1.6.48
SQL>

如果后续操作想登录到其他DM数据库实例,可使用LOGIN或CONN命令。

SQL> conn sysdba/sysdba@10.18.30.190:5236

服务器[10.18.30.190:5236]:处于普通打开状态
登录使用时间: 23.443(毫秒)

1.2命令行启动DIsql
命令行启动DIsql适用于任何操作系统平台。

1.2.1命令行启动
从命令行启动DIsql并登录到数据库。在命令行工具中找到DIsql所在安装目录D:\dmdbms\bin,输入DIsql和登录方式后回车。登录方式在下一节详细介绍。登录界面如下:
windows平台

C:\Users\Administrator>E:

E:\>cd dmdbms\bin

E:\dmdbms\bin>disql sysdba/xxzx@10.18.30.190:5236

服务器[10.18.30.190:5236]:处于普通打开状态
登录使用时间: 17.195(毫秒)
disql V7.1.6.48-Build(2018.03.01-89507)ENT
Connected to: DM 7.1.6.46
SQL>

Linux平台

[dmdba@cs1 bin]$ ./disql sysdba/xxzx@10.18.30.190:5236

Server[10.18.30.190:5236]:mode is normal, state is open
login used time: 10.709(ms)
disql V7.1.6.46-Build(2018.02.08-89107)ENT 
Connected to: DM 7.1.6.46
SQL> 

1.2.2 DIsql登录方式
DIsql的登录方式。
语法如下:

DIsql [ [<option>] [<logon> | /NOLOG] [<start>] ]
<option>::=HELP|-H|-S
<logon>::=<username>[/<password>][*<MPP_TYPE>][@<server>][:<port>][?{UDP|TCP}]

[#<sslpath>@ssl_pwd]
<start>::=<`运行脚本>|<start运行脚本>|<直接执行语句>
<`运行脚本>::=`<file_path> [<PARAMETER_VALUE>{ <PARAMETER_VALUE>}]
<start运行脚本>::=START <file_path> [<PARAMETER_VALUE>{ <PARAMETER_VALUE>}]
<直接执行语句>::= -E “<SQL语句>{;<SQL语句>}”

文中语法符号规定:<>内的内容是必选项;
[]内的内容是可选项;{}内的内容可以出现一次或多次
|为或者;::=为定义符。后文语法用法与此相同。

DIsql登录方式参数介绍
HELP|-H|-S
HELP或-H表示显示DIsql版本信息和帮助信息;-S表示设置DIsql界面为隐藏模式,隐藏命令的<SQL&gt标识符。

[dmdba@cs1 bin]$ ./disql -h
disql V7.1.6.46-Build(2018.02.08-89107)ENT 
DISQL usage1:disql -h  show disql version and help message

DISQL usage2:disql [ [<option>] [{logon | /nolog}] [<start>] ]

<option>:-S set no show model, hidden disql flag

 <logon> : {<username>[/<password>][*<MPP_TYPE>][@<connect_identifier>] | /} [AS <SYSDBA|SYSSSO|

SYSAUDITOR|AUTO>]
 <connect_identifier> :{[<SERVER>][:<PORT>][?{UDP|TCP|IPC|RDMA}][#<sslpath>][@<sslpwd>]}

 if ipv6 address,[] is needed. For example [fe80::1e6f:65ff:fed1:3724%6]

<start> : `<filename>[<parameter> ...] run disql bash

/NOLOG option can run disql, while not connected to DM server

<username>
指定数据库的用户名。缺省用户名为SYSDBA。

<password>
指定数据库的密码。缺省密码为SYSDBA。输入密码时,如遇到特殊字符需要特别处理。特殊字符包括关键字符和双引号等。特殊字符的处理见下文。

<MPP_TYPE>
指MPP类型。MPP 类型是MPP登录属性,此属性的设置对非MPP系统没有影响。此属性的有效值为GLOBAL和LOCAL,默认为GLOBAL。GLOBAL表示MPP环境下建立的会话为全局会话,对数据库的操作在所有节点进行;LOCAL表示MPP环境下建立的会话为本地会话,对数据库的操作只在本地节点进行。

<server>
指定服务器的IP地址或是在dm_svc.conf中配置的网络服务名。dm_svc.conf的配置请参考《DM7系统管理员手册》的2.1.1节。例如:在dm_svc.conf中配置服务名dmrac_svc =(192.168.0.38:5236, 192.168.0.38:5237)。然后就可以使用服务名登录了:
DIsql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@dmrac_svc使用服务名的好处是第一个IP连不通,会自动连接下一个。



UDP|TCP
指定使用UDP协议或TCP协议。缺省为TCP。例如:DIsql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5236?UDP

[#<sslpath>@ssl_pwd]
通信加密中客户端证书存放的地址和客户端证书密钥。各用户只能使用自己的证书,例如SYSDBA账户只能使用\bin\CLIENT_SSL\SYSDBA下的证书和密码,如果证书没有密码可以用缺省或任意数字代替。例如:DIsql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@192.168.0.38:5236#D:\dmdbms\bin\client_ssl\SYSDBA@12345 缺省为不加密。


/NOLOG

表示启动DIsql 而不登录到服务器。此时可以进行DIsql的显示设置和本地变量操作。如果没有/NOLOG选项必须登录服务器,不带参数的时候提示输入用户名和密码,此时的用户名和密码用法参考<logon>。且登录三次失败后退出DIsql。

<start>
运行DIsql脚本文件。
例如,假设a.sql是路径为“c:\”的任意脚本文件:DIsql -S SYSDBA/SYSDBA@192.168.0.80:5236 `c:\a.sql。如果在linux环境下使用,<start>外需要加上单引号,如:'`" < file_path >"'。

<file_path>
运行DIsql脚本文件的绝对路径。

<PARAMETER_VALUE>
传给<file_path>脚本文件中本地变量的参数值,将其中的参数内容传给变了&1,&2,&3…以此类推。

<直接执行语句>
使用-E参数,将在运行DIsql时直接执行后续的一条或多条SQL语句。例如:DIsql SYSDBA/SYSDBA -e "SELECT TOP 1 * FROM SYSOBJECTS; SELECT TOP 1 * FROM V$CMD_HISTORY"。


<password>中特殊字符的处理方法,不同操作系统,处理方法不同。
1.不同操作系统
WINDOWS系统
DIsql的关键字符,DIsql的要求对连接串的特殊字符需要使用双引号括起来”aaaa/aaaa”, 操作系统的要求需要再在最外加双引号和转义”””aaaa/aaaa”””。例如:用户名为user01,密码为aaaa/aaaa,那么连接串要写成:DIsql user01/”””aaaa/aaaa”””
空格,需要使用双引号括起来作为一个整体(这是操作系统的要求)。例如:用户名为user01,密码为aaaa aaaa ,那么连接串要写成:DIsql user01/”aaaa aaaa”双引号,DIsql要求对双引号需要使用双引号括起来,同时双引号需要转义”aaaa””aaaa”;操作系统要求再对双引号转义和最外层加双引号”””aaaa””””aaaa”””。例如:用户名为user01,密码为aaaa”aaaa ,那么连接串要写成:DIsql user01/”””aaaa””””aaaa”””。


LINUX系统
LINUX环境下,密码中的特殊字符处理过程既要考虑操作系统的要求,又要考虑DIsql的要求。首先,操作系统的要求。
bash的引号设计为:在单引号中,所有的特殊字符都失去其特殊含义;在双引号中,特殊字符包括:美元符($)、反引号(`)、转义符(\)、感叹号(!)。如果密码中没有单引号的,应该都只有外面加单引号就可以解决了;如果密码只有单引号,那么可以将单引号用双引
号括起来;如果既有单引号又有美元符($)、反引号(`)、转义符(\)、感叹号(!)四个特殊字符,那么在特殊字符之前全部加\转义就好了。
例如: 'aaaa\aaaa' 传给disql为aaaa\aaaa。
"aaaa'aaaa" 传给disql为aaaa'aaaa。
"aaa'\$aaaa" 传给disql为aaa'$aaaa。

其次,在操作系统要求的基础上,增加DIsql对关键字和双引号的要求。
DIsql的关键字符,DIsql的要求对连接串的特殊字符需要使用双引号括起来。例如:密码为aaaa\aaaa,使用双引号括起来“aaaa\aaaa”,因为此密码中不含有单引号,根据操作系统的要求直接在最外面加单引号。例如:用户名为user01,密码为aaaa/aaaa,那么连接串要写成:./DIsql user01/’”aaaa/aaaa”’。

双引号,DIsql要求对双引号需要使用双引号括起来,同时双引号需要转义。例如:密码为aaa”\aaaa,那么根据DIsql的要求加双引号同时转义为”aaa””\aaaa”,因为没有单引号,根据操作系统的要求直接加单引号。例如:用户名为user01,密码为aaa”\aaaa,那么连接串要写成:./DIsql user01/’”aaa””\aaaa”’。


单引号,根据操作系统的要求,只能将单引号放入双引号中。例如:用户名为user01,密码为aaaa'aaaa,那么连接串要写成:./DIsql user01/”aaaa'aaaa”。

单引号+操作系统下的特殊字符,根据操作系统的要求,因为单引号只能放在双引号内,同时双引号中还有一些特殊字符不能被识别需要加反斜杠转义。例如: 用户名为user01,密码为aaa'$aaaa,使用双引号括起来,同时对$加反斜杠转义。那么连接串要写成:./DIsql user01/”aaa'\$aaaa”。


单引号+双引号,根据操作系统的要求,单引号需要放在双引号中,在双引号中表示双引号则使用反斜杠转义双引号。例如: 用户名为user01,密码为aaa”'aaaa,根据DIsql的要求双引号作为特殊字符,需要使用双引号在括起来,同时使用双引号对双引号转义”aaa””'aaaa”;同时考虑操作系统的要求,因为含有单引号,只能将整个密码放入双引号中,同时对双引号使用反斜杠转义,那么连接串要写成:./DIsql user01/”\”aaa\”\”'aaaa\””。

2.如何转义双引号
1) DIsql的要求使用双引号对双引号内的双引号转义。
2) WINDOWS命令行,使用双引号或者反斜杠对双引号内的双引号转义。
3) LINUX命令行,使用反斜杠对双引号内的双引号转义。



<start>命令中:<`运行脚本>既可以在DIsql启动时使用,也可以在进入DIsql界面之后使用。而<start运行脚本>只能在进入DIsql界面之后才能使用。


2切换登录
用户进入DIsql界面后,如果想切换到其他DM数据库实例。有两种实现方式:一是使用LOGIN命令;二是使用CONN命令。登录到远程数据库,必须在服务名处使用IP地址或网络服务名。
2.1 LOGIN /LOGOUT
1. LOGIN登录主库建立会话
disql V7.1.6.48-Build(2018.03.01-89507)ENT
SQL> login
服务名:10.138.130.190
用户名:sysdba
密码:
端口号:5236
SSL路径:
SSL密码:
UKEY名称:
UKEY PIN码:
MPP类型:
是否读写分离(y/n):n
协议类型:

服务器[10.138.130.190:5236]:处于普通打开状态
登录使用时间 :26.018(ms)

服务名:数据库服务名或IP地址。LOCALHOST表示本地服务器。默认为LOCALHOST。
用户名和密码:默认均为SYSDBA,密码不回显。
端口号:默认为5236。
SSL路径和SSL密码:用于服务器通信加密,不加密的用户不用设置,缺省为不设置。
UKEY名称和UKEY PIN码:供使用UKEY的用户使用,普通用户不用设置,缺省为不使用。
MPP 类型:参见上一节<MPP_TYPE&gt,MPP类型是MPP登录属性,此属性的设置对非MPP系统没有影响。此属性的有效值
为GLOBAL和LOCAL,默认为GLOBAL。
是否读写分离(y/n):默认n。如果输入y,会提示:读写分离百分比(0-100)。用户根据需要输入相应的百分比,如果
输入的百分比不合法,那就相当于没有设置。
登录成功后会显示登录时间。

2. LOGOUT从登录主库注销会话
LOGOUT命令从登录主库注销会话。断开连接而不退出DIsql

SQL> logout

2.2 CONN[ECT] /DISCONN[ECT]

1. CONN[ECT] 连接
CONN[ECT]命令与login命令相似,增加的功能是,可以在命令之后直接跟<username&gt[/<password&gt][*<MPP_TYPE&gt]

[@<server&gt],或者跟<username&gt,然后按照DIsql提示输入<password&gt来连接。
语法如下:

CONN[ECT] <username&gt[/<password&gt][*<MPP_TYPE&gt] [@<server&gt]
或者
CONN[ECT] <username&gt

<password&gt:密码。如果密码中有特殊字符,需要特别处理。特殊字符指密码串中含有的关键字符(/@:#*[]) 或双引号”。具体处理如下:

关键字符,需要用双引号括起连接串中的密码串。例如:用户名user01,密码为aaaa/aaaa,那么连接串要写成:

conn user01/"aaaa/aaaa"。

双引号,需要用双引号括起连接串中的密码串,同时双引号还需要用双引号”或反斜杠/转义。例如:用户名user01,密码为aaaa”aaaa ,那么连接串要写成conn user01/”aaaa””aaaa”。

使用CONN[ECT]命令建立新会话时,会自动断开先前会话。


SQL> conn sysdba/xxzx7817600@10.18.30.190:5236

Server[10.18.30.190:5236]:mode is normal, state is open
login used time: 10.735(ms)

2. DISCONN[ECT] 断开连接
DISCONN[ECT]:断开连接而不退出DIsql。与logout功能一样。

SQL> disconnect
not connected

3使用DIsql
以一个简单的查询例子来说明如何使用DIsql。只需要输入一条SQL语句,回车即可。DIsql将SQL语句发送给DM数据库服务器并显示服务器返回的结果。SQL语句如何书写请参考《DM7_SQL语言使用手册》。

SQL> select top 5 name,id from sysobjects;

LINEID     NAME       ID         
---------- ---------- -----------
1          SYSOBJECTS 0
2          SYSINDEXES 1
3          SYSCOLUMNS 2
4          SYSUSER$   3
5          SYSCONS    4

used time: 2.961(ms). Execute id is 2096.

4退出DIsql
使用EXIT/QUIT命令,退出DIsql。
语法如下:
EXIT|QUIT

SQL> exit
[dmdba@cs1 bin]$ 

DIsql与SQL*Plus有很多类似,对于有Oracle学习经验的从业者来说还是很容易上手的。

Oracle alert.log出现OER 7451 in Load Indicator : Error Code = OSD-04500的问题处理

在对某数据库进行巡检时发现alert.log中出现了以下错误信息

OER 7451 in Load Indicator : Error Code = OSD-04500: 指定了非法选项
O/S-Error: (OS 1) 函数不正确。 !
OER 7451 in Load Indicator : Error Code = OSD-04500: 指定了非法选项
O/S-Error: (OS 1) 函数不正确。 !

我们可以查看错误信息说明

07451, 00000, "slskstat: unable to obtain load information."
// *Cause:  kstat library returned an error. Possible OS failure
// *Action: Check result code in sercose[0] for more information.

对于这个问题MOS上有一入篇文章OER 7451 in Load Indicator : Error Code = OSD-04500: illegal option specified [ID 1060806.1]说是操作系统版本与数据库版本不匹配造成的。

OER 7451 in Load Indicator : Error Code = OSD-04500: illegal option specified [ID 1060806.1]
Applies to:
Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition - Version: 10.2.0.1 to 11.2.0.1 - Release: 10.2 to 11.2
Microsoft Windows (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows x64 (64-bit)
***Checked for relevance on 01-Nov-2011***
Symptoms
The following error repeats over and overinthe database alert log immediately after startup.

OER 7451 inLoad Indicator : Error Code = OSD-04500: illegal option specified
O/S-Error: (OS 1) Incorrectfunction. !

Changes
This is a new installation.

Cause
Installed 32-bit Oracle database software on a 64-bit MS Windows OSwhichis not supported.
Here is excerpt from Note: 740926.1 on this subject.

Note: For the Database software, you can ONLYinstallthe x64 version on MS Windows (x64).
          You can NOTinstallthe 32-bit version Database software on MS Windows (x64).

Solution
Install 32-bit Oracle database software only on 32-bit MS Windows OS.

检查数据库版本,发现数据库是32位

C:\Users\Administrator>sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期六 7月 21 18:04:28 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.


SQL> conn sys/system@abc as sysdba
已连接。
SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.4.0      Production
TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production

SQL> exit
从 Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options 断
开

检查操作系统,发现操作系统是64位
C:\Users\Administrator>systeminfo
主机名: WIN-ROUOJ6ERFO2
OS 名称: Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise
OS 版本: 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Build 7601
OS 制造商: Microsoft Corporation
OS 配置: 独立服务器
OS 构件类型: Multiprocessor Free
注册的所有人: Windows 用户
注册的组织:
产品 ID: 00486-OEM-8400691-20006
初始安装日期: 2016/8/25, 11:37:01
系统启动时间: 2018/7/24, 9:32:07
系统制造商: VMware, Inc.
系统型号: VMware Virtual Platform
系统类型: x64-based PC
处理器: 安装了 1 个处理器。
[01]: Intel64 Family 6 Model 26 Stepping 5 GenuineIntel ~2128
Mhz
BIOS 版本: Phoenix Technologies LTD 6.00, 2014/4/14
Windows 目录: C:\Windows
系统目录: C:\Windows\system32

果然是在64位的系统中安装了32位的Oracle软件,数据库版本与操作系统版需要严格遵守安装官方的support list