作者：YongJing(敬勇)

在Oracle 12cr2中，可以使用传输表功能来从一个数据库中复制一组表，分区或子分区到另一个数据库中。传输表操作将会指定表，分区或子分区的元数据移到另一个数据库中。传输表操作会自动识别所指定表所在的表空间。为了移动数据，需要将这些表所在表空间的所有数据文件复制到目标数据库。Data Pump导入会自动释放由表，分区或子分区所占有的数据块，这些数据块不是传输表操作的一部分。

可以使用以下方法来传输表，分区或子分区:
.使用导出dump文件
在执行导出时，指定tables参数并且设置transportable参数为always。在执行导入时，不需要指定transportable参数。Data Pump导入会自动识别传输表操作。

.跨网络
在执行导入时，指定tables参数并且设置transportable参数为always,并且指定network_link参数来指定数据链路

传输表操作的限制
.不能将相同方案中相同表名的表传输到目标数据库中。然而可以使用remap_table导入参数来将表中的数据导入到不同的表中。另外，在传输操作执行之前，可以重命名被传输表或目标表。

.对于加密有以下限制:
–不能传输加密表空间中的表
–不能包含加密列的表

.不能在使用不同的time zone文件版本的不同平台之间传输使用timestamp with timezone的表

使用导出dump文件方式来传输表，分区，或子分区
在数据库之间使用志出dump文件来传输表需要执行以下步骤。
1.选择一组表，分区或子分区。
如果是要传输分区，那么在传输表操作中可以指定一个表的分区，并且在同一操作中没有其它的表将被传输。如果在传输表操作中中只有表分区的子集被导出，那么在导入后每个分区将变成非分区表。

2.在源数据库中，将要被传输的表，分区或子分区所在表空间设置为只读模式。为了查询表所在的表空间可以查询dba_tables视图，为了查询表空间的所有文件可以查询dba_data_files视图。

3.执行Data Pump导出

4.传输导出的dump文件，将导出的dump文件复制到目标数据库并且让其可以访问。

5.传输表，分区或子分区所在表空间的所有数据文件到目标数据库。如果源平台与目标平台的字节编码不一样，那么可以使用以下任何一种方法来转换数据文件。
–使用dbms_file_transfer包中的get_file或put_file过程来传输数据文件，它们会自动将数据文件转换为目标平台的字节编码。

–使用rman的convert命令来将数据文件转换为目标平台的字节编码。

6.可选操作，将源数据库中的表空间设置为读写模式

7.在目标数据库上执行导入操作

下面的例子将分区表sh.sales_test表中的部分分区(sales_test_q1_2000,sales_test_q2_2000)传输到目标数据库中。源平台与目标平台字节编码一样，都是linux 64位操作系统

1.先创建分区表sales_test

SQL> create tablespace sales_test datafile '+DATADG/jyrac/datafile/sales_test_01.dbf' size 100M  autoextend off  extent management local segment space management auto;
Tablespace created

-- Create table
create table SH.SALES_TEST
(
  prod_id       /* NUMBER not null*/,
  cust_id       /*NUMBER not null*/,
  time_id       /*DATE not null*/,
  channel_id    /*NUMBER not null*/,
  promo_id      /*NUMBER not null*/,
  quantity_sold /*NUMBER(10,2) not null*/,
  amount_sold   /*NUMBER(10,2) not null*/
)
partition by range (TIME_ID)
(
  partition SALES_TEST_1995 values less than (TO_DATE(' 1996-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255,
  partition SALES_TEST_1996 values less than (TO_DATE(' 1997-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255,
  partition SALES_TEST_H1_1997 values less than (TO_DATE(' 1997-07-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255,
  partition SALES_TEST_H2_1997 values less than (TO_DATE(' 1998-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255,
  partition SALES_TEST_Q1_1998 values less than (TO_DATE(' 1998-04-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
    storage
    (
      initial 8M
      next 1M
      minextents 1
      maxextents unlimited
    ),
  partition SALES_TEST_Q2_1998 values less than (TO_DATE(' 1998-07-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
    storage
    (
      initial 8M
      next 1M
      minextents 1
      maxextents unlimited
    ),
  partition SALES_TEST_Q3_1998 values less than (TO_DATE(' 1998-10-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
    storage
    (
      initial 8M
      next 1M
      minextents 1
      maxextents unlimited
    ),
  partition SALES_TEST_Q4_1998 values less than (TO_DATE(' 1999-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
    storage
    (
      initial 8M
      next 1M
      minextents 1
      maxextents unlimited
    ),
  partition SALES_TEST_Q1_1999 values less than (TO_DATE(' 1999-04-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
    storage
    (
      initial 8M
      next 1M
      minextents 1
      maxextents unlimited
    ),
  partition SALES_TEST_Q2_1999 values less than (TO_DATE(' 1999-07-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
    storage
    (
      initial 8M
      next 1M
      minextents 1
      maxextents unlimited
    ),
  partition SALES_TEST_Q3_1999 values less than (TO_DATE(' 1999-10-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
    storage
    (
      initial 8M
      next 1M
      minextents 1
      maxextents unlimited
    ),
  partition SALES_TEST_Q4_1999 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2000-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
    storage
    (
      initial 8M
      next 1M
      minextents 1
      maxextents unlimited
    ),
  partition SALES_TEST_Q1_2000 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2000-04-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
    storage
    (
      initial 8M
      next 1M
      minextents 1
      maxextents unlimited
    ),
  partition SALES_TEST_Q2_2000 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2000-07-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
    storage
    (
      initial 8M
      next 1M
      minextents 1
      maxextents unlimited
    ),
  partition SALES_TEST_Q3_2000 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2000-10-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
    storage
    (
      initial 8M
      next 1M
      minextents 1
      maxextents unlimited
    ),
  partition SALES_TEST_Q4_2000 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2001-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
    storage
    (
      initial 8M
      next 1M
      minextents 1
      maxextents unlimited
    ),
  partition SALES_TEST_Q1_2001 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2001-04-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
    storage
    (
      initial 8M
      next 1M
      minextents 1
      maxextents unlimited
    ),
  partition SALES_TEST_Q2_2001 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2001-07-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
    storage
    (
      initial 8M
      next 1M
      minextents 1
      maxextents unlimited
    ),
  partition SALES_TEST_Q3_2001 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2001-10-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
    storage
    (
      initial 8M
      next 1M
      minextents 1
      maxextents unlimited
    ),
  partition SALES_TEST_Q4_2001 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2002-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
    storage
    (
      initial 8M
      next 1M
      minextents 1
      maxextents unlimited
    ),
  partition SALES_TEST_Q1_2002 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2002-04-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255,
  partition SALES_TEST_Q2_2002 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2002-07-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255,
  partition SALES_TEST_Q3_2002 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2002-10-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255,
  partition SALES_TEST_Q4_2002 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2003-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255,
  partition SALES_TEST_Q1_2003 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2003-04-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255,
  partition SALES_TEST_Q2_2003 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2003-07-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255,
  partition SALES_TEST_Q3_2003 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2003-10-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 0
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255,
  partition SALES_TEST_Q4_2003 values less than (TO_DATE(' 2004-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN'))
    tablespace SALES_TEST
    pctfree 5
    initrans 1
    maxtrans 255
) tablespace sales_test as select * from sh.sales;
-- Add comments to the table
comment on table SH.SALES_TEST
  is 'facts table, without a primary key; all rows are uniquely identified by the combination of all foreign keys';
-- Add comments to the columns
comment on column SH.SALES_TEST.prod_id
  is 'FK to the products dimension table';
comment on column SH.SALES_TEST.cust_id
  is 'FK to the customers dimension table';
comment on column SH.SALES_TEST.time_id
  is 'FK to the times dimension table';
comment on column SH.SALES_TEST.channel_id
  is 'FK to the channels dimension table';
comment on column SH.SALES_TEST.promo_id
  is 'promotion identifier, without FK constraint (intentionally) to show outer join optimization';
comment on column SH.SALES_TEST.quantity_sold
  is 'product quantity sold with the transaction';
comment on column SH.SALES_TEST.amount_sold
  is 'invoiced amount to the customer';
-- Create/Recreate indexes
create bitmap index SH.SALES_TEST_CHANNEL_BIX on SH.SALES_TEST (CHANNEL_ID)
  nologging  local;
create bitmap index SH.SALES_TEST_CUST_BIX on SH.SALES_TEST (CUST_ID)
  nologging  local;
create bitmap index SH.SALES_TEST_PROD_BIX on SH.SALES_TEST (PROD_ID)
  nologging  local;
create bitmap index SH.SALES_TEST_PROMO_BIX on SH.SALES_TEST (PROMO_ID)
  nologging  local;
create bitmap index SH.SALES_TEST_TIME_BIX on SH.SALES_TEST (TIME_ID)
  nologging  local;
-- Create/Recreate primary, unique and foreign key constraints
alter table SH.SALES_TEST
  add constraint SALES_TEST_CHANNEL_FK foreign key (CHANNEL_ID)
  references SH.CHANNELS (CHANNEL_ID)
  novalidate;
alter table SH.SALES_TEST
  add constraint SALES_TEST_CUSTOMER_FK foreign key (CUST_ID)
  references SH.CUSTOMERS (CUST_ID)
  novalidate;
alter table SH.SALES_TEST
  add constraint SALES_TEST_PRODUCT_FK foreign key (PROD_ID)
  references SH.PRODUCTS (PROD_ID)
  novalidate;
alter table SH.SALES_TEST
  add constraint SALES_TEST_PROMO_FK foreign key (PROMO_ID)
  references SH.PROMOTIONS (PROMO_ID)
  novalidate;
alter table SH.SALES_TEST
  add constraint SALES_TEST_TIME_FK foreign key (TIME_ID)
  references SH.TIMES (TIME_ID)
  novalidate;

2.登录到源数据库，将表sh.sales_test所在的表空间设置为只读状态

SQL> alter tablespace sales_test read only;
Tablespace altered

SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME                STATUS
------------------------------ ---------
SYSTEM                         ONLINE
SYSAUX                         ONLINE
UNDOTBS1                       ONLINE
TEMP                           ONLINE
USERS                          ONLINE
UNDOTBS2                       ONLINE
EXAMPLE                        ONLINE
TEST                           ONLINE
SALES_TEST                     READ ONLY
9 rows selected

3.导出dump文件

SQL> create or replace directory tts_dump as '/tts';
Directory created
SQL> grant execute,read,write on directory tts_dump to public;
Grant succeeded


[root@jyrac1 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@jyrac1 ~]$ expdp system/xxzx7817600 dumpfile=sales_test.dmp directory=tts_dump tables=sh.sales_test:sales_test_q1_2000,sh.sales_test:sales_test_q2_2000 transportable=always logfile=sales_test.log

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 6 11:21:02 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01":  system/******** dumpfile=sales_test.dmp directory=tts_dump tables=sh.sales_test:sales_test_q1_2000,sh.sales_test:sales_test_q2_2000 transportable=always logfile=sales_test.log
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/BITMAP_INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/BITMAP_INDEX/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/END_PLUGTS_BLK
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
  /tts/sales_test.dmp
******************************************************************************
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace SALES_TEST:
  +DATADG/jyrac/datafile/sales_test_01.dbf
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at Tue Jun 6 11:21:22 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:17

4.将导出的dump文件传输到目标数据库

[oracle@jytest1 tts]$ scp oracle@10.138.130.151:/tts/sales_test.* /tts/
The authenticity of host '10.138.130.151 (10.138.130.151)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 92:b7:e1:f5:a4:99:5a:de:d5:d3:f2:25:f7:98:0a:a1.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.138.130.151' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
oracle@10.138.130.151's password:
sales_test.dmp                                                                                                                                                                                            100%  264KB 264.0KB/s   00:00
sales_test.log                                                                                                                                                                                            100% 1542     1.5KB/s   00:00
[oracle@jytest1 tts]$ ls -lrt
total 268
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 270336 Jun  6 18:49 sales_test.dmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall   1542 Jun  6 18:49 sales_test.log

5.将sales_test表空间的数据文件传输到目标数据库
在源数据库中创建目录tts_datafile（存储数据文件)

SQL> create or replace directory tts_datafile as '+datadg/jyrac/datafile/';

Directory created.

SQL> grant execute,read,write on directory tts_datafile to public;

Grant succeeded.

在目标数据库中创建目录tts_datafile（存储数据文件)

SQL> create or replace directory tts_datafile as '+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/';

Directory created.

SQL> grant execute,read,write on directory tts_datafile to public;

Grant succeeded.


SQL> conn sys/xxzx7817600@jypdb as sysdba
Connected.


SQL> create public database link jyrac_link
  2    connect to jy identified by "jy"
  3    using '(DESCRIPTION =
  4      (ADDRESS_LIST =
  5        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =10.138.130.153)(PORT = 1521))
  6      )
  7      (CONNECT_DATA =
  8        (SERVER = DEDICATED)
  9        (SERVICE_NAME =jyrac)
 10      )
 11    )';

Database link created.


SQL> exec dbms_file_transfer.get_file(source_directory_object =>'TTS_DATAFILE',source_file_name => 'sales_test_01.dbf',source_database =>'jyrac_link',destination_directory_object => 'TTS_DATAFILE',destination_file_name => 'sales_test_01.dbf');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed

ASMCMD [+data/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/datafile] > ls -lt
Type      Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 06 18:00:00  N    sales_test_01.dbf => +DATA/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/FILE_TRANSFER.301.945975283
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 06 18:00:00  Y    FILE_TRANSFER.301.945975283
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 05 23:00:00  Y    SYSAUX.275.939167015
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 02 16:00:00  N    users01.dbf => +DATA/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/FILE_TRANSFER.298.945620417
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 02 16:00:00  N    test01.dbf => +DATA/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/FILE_TRANSFER.300.945620337
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 02 16:00:00  N    example01.dbf => +DATA/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/FILE_TRANSFER.299.945620391
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 02 16:00:00  Y    SYSTEM.274.939167015
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 02 16:00:00  Y    FILE_TRANSFER.300.945620337
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 02 16:00:00  Y    FILE_TRANSFER.299.945620391
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 02 16:00:00  Y    FILE_TRANSFER.298.945620417
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 02 00:00:00  N    testtb01.dbf => +DATA/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/TESTTB.295.944828399
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 02 00:00:00  Y    UNDO_2.277.939167063
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 02 00:00:00  Y    UNDOTBS2.278.945029905
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 02 00:00:00  Y    UNDOTBS1.273.939167015
DATAFILE  UNPROT  COARSE   JUN 02 00:00:00  Y    TESTTB.295.944828399

6.可选操作，将源数据库中的表空间sales_test设置为读写模式

SQL> alter tablespace sales_test read write;
Tablespace altered

SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME                STATUS
------------------------------ ---------
SYSTEM                         ONLINE
SYSAUX                         ONLINE
UNDOTBS1                       ONLINE
TEMP                           ONLINE
USERS                          ONLINE
UNDOTBS2                       ONLINE
EXAMPLE                        ONLINE
TEST                           ONLINE
SALES_TEST                     ONLINE
9 rows selected

7.在目标数据库上执行导入操作

[oracle@jytest1 tts]$ impdp system/xxzx7817600@JYPDB_175 dumpfile=sales_test.dmp directory=tts_dump transport_datafiles='+data/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/datafile/sales_test_01.dbf' tables=sh.sales_test:sales_test_q1_2000,sh.sales_test:sales_test_q2_2000 logfile=imp_sales_test.log

Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jun 6 19:23:09 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01":  system/********@JYPDB_175 dumpfile=sales_test.dmp directory=tts_dump transport_datafiles=+data/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/datafile/sales_test_01.dbf tables=sh.sales_test:sales_test_q1_2000,sh.sales_test:sales_test_q2_2000 logfile=imp_sales_test.log
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/BITMAP_INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/END_PLUGTS_BLK
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 13 error(s) at Tue Jun 6 19:25:06 2017 elapsed 0 00:01:46

SQL> select owner,table_name,tablespace_name from dba_tables where owner='SH';
OWNER                                                                            TABLE_NAME                                                                       TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
SH                                                                               SALES_TEST_SALES_TEST_Q1_2000                                                    SALES_TEST
SH                                                                               SALES_TEST_SALES_TEST_Q2_2000                                                    SALES_TEST
SH                                                                               SALES_TRANSACTIONS_EXT
SH                                                                               COSTS
SH                                                                               SALES
SH                                                                               CAL_MONTH_SALES_MV                                                               EXAMPLE
SH                                                                               FWEEK_PSCAT_SALES_MV                                                             EXAMPLE
SH                                                                               DIMENSION_EXCEPTIONS                                                             EXAMPLE
SH                                                                               SUPPLEMENTARY_DEMOGRAPHICS                                                       EXAMPLE
SH                                                                               COUNTRIES                                                                        EXAMPLE
SH                                                                               CUSTOMERS                                                                        EXAMPLE
SH                                                                               PROMOTIONS                                                                       EXAMPLE
SH                                                                               PRODUCTS                                                                         EXAMPLE
SH                                                                               TIMES                                                                            EXAMPLE
SH                                                                               CHANNELS                                                                         EXAMPLE

可以看到分区sales_test_q1_2000与sale_test_q2_2000导入后分别成为了一张非分区表

传输数据库full transportable export/import
可以使用full transportable export/import功能将整个数据库从一个数据库实例复制到另一个数据库实例。可以使用Data Pump来生成一个导出dump文件，如果需要将这个dump文件传输到目标数据库，然后导入dump文件。另外也可以使用Data Pump跨网络来复制数据库。

数据库中要被传输的表空间可以是字典管理或本地管理表空间。源数据库中的表空间的块大小不必与目标数据库中标准块大小相同。

这种传输数据库的方法要求直到完成导出dump文件之前所要传输的用户创建的表空间必须设置为只读状态。如果不能满足这个条件那么可以使用备份功能来完成传输表空间。

full transportable export/import的限制
full transportable export/import有以下限制:
.对于不同字节编码的平台不能传输加密表空间，对于相同字节编码的平台为了传输加密表空间，在执行导出dump文件时需要设置encryption_pwd_prompt导出参数设置为yes，或者使用encryption_password导出参数。在导入dump文件时，使用与导出时相同的参数设置。
.当跨网络传输数据库时，如果在管理表空间(比如system或sysaux表空间）中存在包含long或long raw列的表，那么是不支持传输的。
.full transportable export/import可以使用传统的Data Pump导出/导入来导出与导入存储在管理表空间中用户创建的数据库对象，比如直接路径或外部表。管理表空间不是用户创建而是由数据库提供,比如sytem与sysaux表空间。
.full transportable export/import不能传输同时存储在管理表空间(比如system与sysaux）与用户创建表空间中的数据库对象。例如，一个分区表可能会同时存储在管理表空间与用户表空间中。如果有这样的对象，那么在传输之前应该重新定义这些对象，因此它们将整个存储在管理表空间或者用户表空间中。如果对象不能重定义，那么可以使用传统的Data Pump导出/导入。.当跨网络传输数据库时，当存储在管理表空间(比如system与sysaux)中的表它的审计跟踪住处本身存储在用户表空间中就不能启用审计。

使用导出dump文件来传输数据库
使用导出dump文件方式来传输数据库必须执行以下步骤：
1.在源数据库上，将每个用户表空间设置为只读状态。在执行导出操作时要确保设置参数transportable=always与full=y。如果源数据库的版本是11.2.0.3或11G之后的版本，那么还必须设置version=12或更高版本号。导出的dump文件包含了存储在用户表空间中对象的元数据与存储在管理表空间(比如system与sysaux)中用户创建对象的元数据与实际数据。

2.将导出的dump文件传输到目标数据库

3.将所有用户表空间的所有数据文件传输到目标数据库，如果源平台与目标平台不同，那么需要检查字节编码，可以通过查询v$transportable_platform视图进行查看。如果源平台与目标平台的字节编码不一样，那么使用以下一种方法来转换数据文件:
.使用dbms_file_transfer包中的get_file或put_file过程来传输数据文件。这些过程会将源数据文件自动转换为目标平台的字节编码方式。
.使用rman的convert命令将源数据文件转换为目标平台的字节编码方式

4.可选操作，将源数据库中的将被传输的表空间设置为读写状态

5.在目标数据库中导入数据，当导入完成后，用户表空间将会设置为读写状态。

下面的例子将把jyrac数据库(11.2.0.4)传输到jypdb数据库(12.2的PDB),源数据库jyrac中用户表空间为test，users,example,源平台与目标平台的字节编码相同。具体操作如下:
1.将表空间test设置为只读状态

SQL> alter tablespace test read only;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> alter tablespace users read only;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> alter tablespace example read only;

Tablespace altered.



SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME                STATUS
------------------------------ ---------
SYSTEM                         ONLINE
SYSAUX                         ONLINE
UNDOTBS1                       ONLINE
TEMP                           ONLINE
USERS                          READ ONLY
UNDOTBS2                       ONLINE
EXAMPLE                        READ ONLY
TEST                           READ ONLY

8 rows selected.

2.使用Data Pump导出工具执行full transportable export操作

SQL> create or replace directory tts_dump as '/tts';
Directory created
SQL> grant execute,read,write on directory tts_dump to public;
Grant succeeded

SQL> host expdp tts/tts@JYRAC dumpfile=exp_test.dmp directory=tts_dump transportable=always full=y version=12 logfile=exp_test.log

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 26 17:41:33 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "TTS"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01":  tts/********@JYRAC dumpfile=exp_test.dmp directory=tts_dump transportable=always full=y version=12 logfile=exp_test.log
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_FULL/FULL/PLUGTS_TABLESPACE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_FULL/PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/EARLY_OPTIONS/VIEWS_AS_TABLES/TABLE_DATA
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/NORMAL_OPTIONS/TABLE_DATA
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/NORMAL_OPTIONS/VIEWS_AS_TABLES/TABLE_DATA
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 47.43 MB
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/PRE_SYSTEM_IMPCALLOUT/MARKER
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/PRE_INSTANCE_IMPCALLOUT/MARKER
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/TABLESPACE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/PROFILE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SYS_USER/USER
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/USER
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/ROLE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/GRANT/SYSTEM_GRANT/PROC_SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/GRANT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLESPACE_QUOTA
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/RESOURCE_COST
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/DB_LINK
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/TRUSTED_DB_LINK
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/SEQUENCE/SEQUENCE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/SEQUENCE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/DIRECTORY/DIRECTORY
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/DIRECTORY/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/CONTEXT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/PUBLIC_SYNONYM/SYNONYM
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/SYNONYM
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TYPE/INC_TYPE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TYPE/TYPE_SPEC
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TYPE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SYSTEM_PROCOBJACT/PRE_SYSTEM_ACTIONS/PROCACT_SYSTEM
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SYSTEM_PROCOBJACT/PROCOBJ
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SYSTEM_PROCOBJACT/POST_SYSTEM_ACTIONS/PROCACT_SYSTEM
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/EARLY_OPTIONS/VIEWS_AS_TABLES/TABLE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/EARLY_POST_INSTANCE_IMPCALLOUT/MARKER
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/XMLSCHEMA/XMLSCHEMA
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/NORMAL_OPTIONS/TABLE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/NORMAL_OPTIONS/VIEWS_AS_TABLES/TABLE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/NORMAL_OPTIONS/PROCEDURE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/NORMAL_OPTIONS/OPTION_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/NORMAL_OPTIONS/OPTION_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_BODY
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/NORMAL_POST_INSTANCE_IMPCALLOU/MARKER
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/PROCACT_INSTANCE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/PRE_TABLE_ACTION
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/COMMENT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/PACKAGE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/FUNCTION/FUNCTION
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/FUNCTION/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/PROCEDURE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/FUNCTION/ALTER_FUNCTION
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/FUNCTIONAL_INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/FUNCTIONAL_INDEX/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/VIEW/VIEW
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/VIEW/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/VIEW/COMMENT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/PACKAGE_BODIES/PACKAGE/PACKAGE_BODY
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TYPE/TYPE_BODY
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/BITMAP_INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/BITMAP_INDEX/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/DOMAIN_INDEX/SECONDARY_TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/DOMAIN_INDEX/SECONDARY_TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
ORA-39043: Object type INDEX is not supported for "SH"."SYS_IL0000088402C00006$$".
ORA-39043: Object type INDEX is not supported for "SH"."SYS_IL0000088405C00002$$".
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/DOMAIN_INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/POST_TABLE_ACTION
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/TRIGGER
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/VIEW/TRIGGER
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/MATERIALIZED_VIEW
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/JOB
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/DIMENSION
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/END_PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/FINAL_POST_INSTANCE_IMPCALLOUT/MARKER
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/POST_INSTANCE/PROCACT_INSTANCE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/POST_INSTANCE/PROCDEPOBJ
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/POST_SCHEMA/PROCOBJ
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/POST_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/AUDIT
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/POST_SYSTEM_IMPCALLOUT/MARKER
. . exported "SYS"."KU$_USER_MAPPING_VIEW"               5.976 KB      38 rows
. . exported "SYS"."AUD$"                                473.3 KB    2931 rows
. . exported "SYS"."DAM_CONFIG_PARAM$"                   6.367 KB      10 rows
. . exported "WMSYS"."WM$ENV_VARS"                       5.921 KB       3 rows
......
. . exported "SYSTEM"."REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_REFGROUPS"           0 KB       0 rows
. . exported "SYSTEM"."REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_SITES"               0 KB       0 rows
. . exported "SYSTEM"."REPCAT$_TEMPLATE_TARGETS"             0 KB       0 rows
. . exported "SYSTEM"."REPCAT$_USER_AUTHORIZATIONS"          0 KB       0 rows
. . exported "SYSTEM"."REPCAT$_USER_PARM_VALUES"             0 KB       0 rows
. . exported "SYSTEM"."SQLPLUS_PRODUCT_PROFILE"              0 KB       0 rows
Master table "TTS"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for TTS.SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01 is:
  /tts/exp_test.dmp
******************************************************************************
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace EXAMPLE:
  +DATADG/jyrac/datafile/example.260.930413057
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace TEST:
  +DATADG/jyrac/datafile/test01.dbf
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace USERS:
  +DATADG/jyrac/datafile/users.263.930413057
Job "TTS"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01" completed with 2 error(s) at Fri May 26 17:47:08 2017 elapsed 0 00:05:31

在执行导出时必须指定transportable=always，它用来判断是否使用传输选项。full参数用来指定将导出整个数据库。dumpfile参数指定dump文件名。directory参数指定目录，它可以指向操作系统或ASM磁盘组。在执行导出前必须先创建目录，并授予读写权限。在non-CDB中，会自动创建目录对象DATA_PUMP_DIR，并且会自动授予DBA角色可以对其执行读写访问。因此sys与system用户就可以对目录执行读写操作。然而在PDB中不会自动创建目录DATA_PUMP_DIR。因此在导入PDB时，需要先创建目录。logfile参数用来指定导出操作日志文件。为了对数据库版本为11.2.0.3或以后的11G版本执行full transportable导出，必须使用version参数，并且必须指定为12或更高版本。

full transportable导入操作只有在Oracle 12c中支持，因此目标数据库必须为12c

3.将导出的dump文件传输到目标平台的所选定的目录中，该目录可以被目标数据库所访问在目标数据库中创建目录tts_dump(存储dump文件),tts_datafile(存储数据文件)

SQL> create or replace directory tts_dump as '/tts';

Directory created.

SQL> grant execute,read,write on directory tts_dump to public;

Grant succeeded.


SQL> create or replace directory tts_datafile as '+test/jycs/datafile';

Directory created.

SQL> grant execute,read,write on directory tts_datafile to public;

Grant succeeded.

在目标数据库中执行以下命令来传输dump文件

[oracle@jytest1 tts]$ scp -r oracle@10.138.130.152:/tts/exp_test.dmp /tts/
The authenticity of host '10.138.130.152 (10.138.130.152)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 92:b7:e1:f5:a4:99:5a:de:d5:d3:f2:25:f7:98:0a:a1.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.138.130.152' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
oracle@10.138.130.152's password:
exp_test.dmp                                                                                                                                                                                              100%   59MB  29.5MB/s   00:02
[oracle@jytest1 tts]$

4.从源平台将所有用户表空间传的相关数据文件输到目标平台的tts_datafile文件，通过dbms_file_transfer.put_file过程来实现。
创建源数据库连接目标数据库的数据链路

SQL> create database link jycs_link
  2  connect to system identified by "xxzx7817600"
  3  using '(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.138.130.175)(PORT = 1521)) )(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVICE_NAME = jycs)))';
Database link created

SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME                                                                        TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
+DATADG/jyrac/datafile/users.263.930413057                                       USERS
+DATADG/jyrac/datafile/undotbs1.262.930413057                                    UNDOTBS1
+DATADG/jyrac/datafile/sysaux.258.930413055                                      SYSAUX
+DATADG/jyrac/datafile/system.259.930413057                                      SYSTEM
+DATADG/jyrac/datafile/example.260.930413057                                     EXAMPLE
+DATADG/jyrac/datafile/undotbs2.261.930413057                                    UNDOTBS2
+DATADG/jyrac/datafile/test01.dbf                                                TEST
7 rows selected

需要传输的数据文件为test01.dbf,example.260.930413057与users.263.930413057

SQL> exec dbms_file_transfer.put_file(source_directory_object =>'TTS_DATAFILE',source_file_name => 'test01.dbf',destination_directory_object => 'TTS_DATAFILE',destination_file_name => 'test01.dbf',destination_database => 'jypdb_link');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed

SQL> exec dbms_file_transfer.put_file(source_directory_object =>'TTS_DATAFILE',source_file_name => 'example.260.930413057',destination_directory_object => 'TTS_DATAFILE',destination_file_name => 'example01.dbf',destination_database => 'jypdb_link');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed

SQL> exec dbms_file_transfer.put_file(source_directory_object =>'TTS_DATAFILE',source_file_name => 'users.263.930413057',destination_directory_object => 'TTS_DATAFILE',destination_file_name => 'users01.dbf',destination_database => 'jypdb_link');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed

在目标数据库的ASM磁盘组可以看到相关的数据文件

ASMCMD [+test/jycs/datafile] > ls -lt
Type      Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   MAY 26 18:00:00  N    users01.dbf => +TEST/jycs/DATAFILE/FILE_TRANSFER.281.945022371
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   MAY 26 18:00:00  N    test01.dbf => +TEST/jycs/DATAFILE/FILE_TRANSFER.279.945022099
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   MAY 26 18:00:00  N    example01.dbf => +TEST/jycs/DATAFILE/FILE_TRANSFER.280.945022161
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   MAY 26 18:00:00  Y    FILE_TRANSFER.281.945022371
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   MAY 26 18:00:00  Y    FILE_TRANSFER.280.945022161
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   MAY 26 18:00:00  Y    FILE_TRANSFER.279.945022099
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   MAY 26 06:00:00  Y    SYSAUX.260.942323941
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   MAY 20 22:00:00  Y    UNDOTBS1.259.942323977
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   MAY 11 12:00:00  Y    SYSTEM.269.942323889
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   MAY 11 00:00:00  Y    UNDOTBS2.266.942324411
DATAFILE  MIRROR  COARSE   MAY 02 11:00:00  Y    USERS.258.942323981

5.可选操作，将源数据库中的所有用户表空间设置为读写模式

SQL> alter tablespace users read write;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> alter tablespace test read write;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> alter tablespace example read write;

Tablespace altered.

SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME                STATUS
------------------------------ ---------
SYSTEM                         ONLINE
SYSAUX                         ONLINE
UNDOTBS1                       ONLINE
TEMP                           ONLINE
USERS                          ONLINE
UNDOTBS2                       ONLINE
EXAMPLE                        ONLINE
TEST                           ONLINE

8 rows selected.

5.在目标数据库上执行数据库导入

[oracle@jytest1 admin]$ impdp jy/jy@JYPDB_175 dumpfile=exp_test.dmp directory=TTS_DUMP transport_datafiles='+data/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/datafile/test01.dbf','+data/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/datafile/example01.dbf','+data/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/datafile/users01.dbf' logfile=import.log

Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri May 26 20:18:03 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "JY"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "JY"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01":  jy/********@JYPDB_175 dumpfile=exp_test.dmp directory=TTS_DUMP transport_datafiles=+data/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/datafile/test01.dbf,+data/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/datafile/example01.dbf,+data/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/datafile/users01.dbf logfile=import.log
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/PRE_SYSTEM_IMPCALLOUT/MARKER
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/PRE_INSTANCE_IMPCALLOUT/MARKER
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_FULL/PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/TABLESPACE
ORA-31684: Object type TABLESPACE:"UNDOTBS1" already exists

ORA-31684: Object type TABLESPACE:"TEMP" already exists

Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/PROFILE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SYS_USER/USER
ORA-31685: Object type USER:"SYS" failed due to insufficient privileges. Failing sql is:
 ALTER USER "SYS" IDENTIFIED BY VALUES 'S:0C82FC9FD1570D45359355071D58A402378ABB404B83306BEA34DD19216F;D50A6384B1C2A4CF' TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP"
.....

Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/EARLY_OPTIONS/VIEWS_AS_TABLES/TABLE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/EARLY_OPTIONS/VIEWS_AS_TABLES/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SYS"."KU$_EXPORT_USER_MAP"                 5.976 KB      38 rows
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/EARLY_POST_INSTANCE_IMPCALLOUT/MARKER
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/XMLSCHEMA/XMLSCHEMA
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/NORMAL_OPTIONS/TABLE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/NORMAL_OPTIONS/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SYS"."AMGT$DP$AUD$"                        473.3 KB    2931 rows
. . imported "SYS"."AMGT$DP$DAM_CONFIG_PARAM$"           6.367 KB      10 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$ENV_VARS"                        5.921 KB       3 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$EVENTS_INFO"                      5.75 KB      12 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$HINT_TABLE"                       9.25 KB      72 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$NEXTVER_TABLE"                   6.265 KB       1 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$VERSION_HIERARCHY_TABLE"         5.875 KB       1 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$WORKSPACES_TABLE"                14.51 KB       1 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$WORKSPACE_PRIV_TABLE"            6.851 KB       8 rows
. . imported "SYS"."AMGT$DP$DAM_CLEANUP_EVENTS$"             0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "SYS"."AMGT$DP$DAM_CLEANUP_JOBS$"               0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "SYS"."NET$_ACL"                                0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "SYS"."WALLET$_ACL"                             0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$BATCH_COMPRESSIBLE_TABLES"           0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$CONSTRAINTS_TABLE"                   0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$CONS_COLUMNS"                        0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$INSTEADOF_TRIGS_TABLE"               0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$LOCKROWS_INFO"                       0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$MODIFIED_TABLES"                     0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$MP_GRAPH_WORKSPACES_TABLE"           0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$MP_PARENT_WORKSPACES_TABLE"          0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$NESTED_COLUMNS_TABLE"                0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$REMOVED_WORKSPACES_TABLE"            0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$RESOLVE_WORKSPACES_TABLE"            0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$RIC_LOCKING_TABLE"                   0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$RIC_TABLE"                           0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$RIC_TRIGGERS_TABLE"                  0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$UDTRIG_DISPATCH_PROCS"               0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$UDTRIG_INFO"                         0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$VERSION_TABLE"                       0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$VT_ERRORS_TABLE"                     0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$WORKSPACE_SAVEPOINTS_TABLE"          0 KB       0 rows
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/NORMAL_OPTIONS/VIEWS_AS_TABLES/TABLE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/NORMAL_OPTIONS/VIEWS_AS_TABLES/TABLE_DATA
ORA-31693: Table data object "SYSTEM"."SCHEDULER_PROGRAM_ARGS_TMP" failed to load/unload and is being skipped due to error:
ORA-29913: error in executing ODCIEXTTABLEFETCH callout
ORA-22303: type "SYS"."JDM_STR_VALS" not found
ORA-21700: object does not exist or is marked for delete

. . imported "SYS"."AMGT$DP$AUDTAB$TBS$FOR_EXPORT"       5.859 KB       2 rows
. . imported "SYS"."AMGT$DP$FGA_LOG$FOR_EXPORT"              0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "SYSTEM"."SCHEDULER_JOB_ARGS_TMP"               0 KB       0 rows
. . imported "WMSYS"."E$EXP_MAP"                             0 KB       0 rows
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/NORMAL_OPTIONS/PROCEDURE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/NORMAL_OPTIONS/OPTION_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_SPEC
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/NORMAL_OPTIONS/OPTION_PACKAGE/PACKAGE_BODY
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/NORMAL_POST_INSTANCE_IMPCALLOU/MARKER
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/PROCACT_INSTANCE
ORA-39082: Object type PACKAGE BODY:"SYS"."WWV_DBMS_SQL" created with compilation warnings
......

ORA-39082: Object type PACKAGE BODY:"APEX_030200"."WWV_FLOW_WORKSHEET_EXPR" created with compilation warnings

ORA-39082: Object type PACKAGE BODY:"APEX_030200"."WWV_FLOW_WORKSHEET_FORM" created with compilation warnings

ORA-39082: Object type PACKAGE BODY:"APEX_030200"."WWV_FLOW_WORKSHEET_STANDARD" created with compilation warnings

ORA-39082: Object type PACKAGE BODY:"APEX_030200"."WWV_FLOW_XLIFF" created with compilation warnings

ORA-39082: Object type PACKAGE BODY:"APEX_030200"."WWV_META_CLEANUP" created with compilation warnings

ORA-39082: Object type PACKAGE BODY:"APEX_030200"."WWV_MIG_ACC_LOAD" created with compilation warnings

ORA-39082: Object type PACKAGE BODY:"APEX_030200"."WWV_MIG_FRMMENU_LOAD_XML" created with compilation warnings

ORA-39082: Object type PACKAGE BODY:"APEX_030200"."WWV_MIG_FRM_LOAD_XML" created with compilation warnings

ORA-39082: Object type PACKAGE BODY:"APEX_030200"."WWV_MIG_FRM_OLB_LOAD_XML" created with compilation warnings

ORA-39082: Object type PACKAGE BODY:"APEX_030200"."WWV_MIG_FRM_UPDATE_APX_APP" created with compilation warnings

ORA-39082: Object type PACKAGE BODY:"APEX_030200"."WWV_MIG_FRM_UTILITIES" created with compilation warnings

ORA-39082: Object type PACKAGE BODY:"APEX_030200"."WWV_MIG_RPT_LOAD_XML" created with compilation warnings

ORA-39082: Object type PACKAGE BODY:"APEX_030200"."WWV_RENDER_CALENDAR2" created with compilation warnings

ORA-39082: Object type PACKAGE BODY:"APEX_030200"."WWV_RENDER_CHART2" created with compilation warnings

ORA-39082: Object type PACKAGE BODY:"APEX_030200"."WWV_RENDER_REPORT3" created with compilation warnings

ORA-39082: Object type TRIGGER:"APEX_030200"."WWV_BIU_FLOW_SESSIONS" created with compilation warnings

Job "JY"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" completed with 536 error(s) at Fri May 26 20:45:45 2017 elapsed 0 00:27:38

检查表空间及其状态

SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME                                                                        TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/system.274.939167015          SYSTEM
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/sysaux.275.939167015          SYSAUX
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/undotbs1.273.939167015        UNDOTBS1
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/undo_2.277.939167063          UNDO_2
+DATA/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/datafile/users01.dbf                   USERS
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/testtb01.dbf                  TESTTB
+DATA/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/datafile/example01.dbf                 EXAMPLE
+DATA/jy/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/datafile/test01.dbf                    TEST
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/undotbs2.278.945029905        UNDOTBS2
9 rows selected

SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME                STATUS
------------------------------ ---------
SYSTEM                         ONLINE
SYSAUX                         ONLINE
UNDOTBS1                       ONLINE
TEMP                           ONLINE
UNDO_2                         ONLINE
USERS                          ONLINE
TESTTB                         ONLINE
TEMP2                          ONLINE
TEMP3                          ONLINE
EXAMPLE                        ONLINE
TEST                           ONLINE
UNDOTBS2                       ONLINE
12 rows selected

对于要传输整个数据库来说，使用full transportable export /import这种方法要比传输表空间方便很多。

这篇文章主要介绍dbms_monitor包中新增加的跟踪方法。新增加的跟踪过程可以基于特定的客户端标识或服务名，模块名与操作名的组合来启用诊断与工作量管理。跟踪也可以在会话级别启用。在有些情况下可以产生多个跟踪文件（例如，当对一个模块跟踪服务级别时）。trcsess工具可以用来扫描所有跟踪文件并将它们合并成一个跟踪文件。在合并之后可以使用标准跟踪文件分析方法比如tkprof。对客户端标识或服务/模块/操作的跟踪状态是永久的可以跨会话的断开与数据库的关闭，并且可以应用于所有实例。跟踪直到使用dbms_monitor禁用之前都是启用状态。

如何查看是否启用跟踪
当客户端与服务/模块/操作跨会话断开与数据库关闭永久存在时，有一种方法来判断是否启用了跟踪。当启用跟踪时，跟踪信息会被记录到dba_enabled_traces中。

SQL> select trace_type, primary_id, qualifier_id1, waits, binds from dba_enabled_traces;
TRACE_TYPE            PRIMARY_ID                              QUALIFIER_ID1                   WAITS BINDS
--------------------- --------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ----- -----
SERVICE_MODULE        SYS$USERS                               SQL*Plus                       TRUE  FALSE
CLIENT_ID             HUGO                                                                   TRUE  FALSE
SERVICE               v101_DGB                                                               TRUE  FALSE  

可以看到三个不同的跟踪被启用。
第一行:跟踪所有由SQL*Plus所执行的SQL语句
第二行：跟踪所有客户端标识符为’HUGO’的所有会话
第三行:跟踪通过服务’v101_DGB’连接到数据库的所有程序

session_trace_enable函数
session_trace_enable对本地实例的指定会话启用SQL跟踪,语法如下:
启用跟踪

dbms_monitor.session_trace_enable(session_id=>x,serial_num=>y,waits=>(TRUE|FALSE),binds=>(TRUE|FALSE));

禁用跟踪

dbms_monitor.session_trace_disable(session_id=>x,serial_num=>y);

缺省情况下跟踪对于等待为true，而绑定变量为false

通过查询v$session得到会话与serial号

SQL> select sid, serial#,username from  v$session;

       SID    SERIAL# USERNAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------
         2       3257 INSUR_CHANGDE
         4      45331
        41      20923 INSUR_CHANGDE
        42      19225 INSUR_CHANGDE
        77          1
        78       2191 CARD_DB
       115          1
       118      47221 YBCX
       153          1
       157      25173 INSUR_CHANGDE
       191          1

执行下面的命令开始跟踪

SQL> execute dbms_monitor.session_trace_enable(157,25173);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

需要注意的是在dba_enabled_traces视图中没有记录，因为跟踪并没有经历数据库关闭。

可以通过查询v$session得到被跟踪会话列表:

SQL> select sid,serial#,username,sql_trace_waits,sql_trace_binds,sql_trace_plan_stats
  2  from   v$session 
  3  where  sql_trace = 'enabled'; 

no rows selected

当会话断羡慕或执行以下命令可以停止跟踪

SQL> execute dbms_monitor.session_trace_disable(157,25173);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

client_id_trace_enable函数
在多层架构环境中，来自终端用户的一个请求将会通过中间层被路由到不同的数据库会话。这意味着在终端客户端与数据库会话之间不存在静态关联。10g之前的版本，没有一种简单方法来跨不同数据库会话对客户端进行跟踪。通过引入新的属性client_identifier使用端对端的跟踪成为可能，它用来唯一标识一个指定的终端。客户端标识被记录在v$session视图的client_identifier列中。还可以通过系统上下文来查看。语法如下:
启用跟踪

execute dbms_monitor.client_id_trace_enable ( client_id =>'client_id', waits => (TRUE|FALSE), binds => (TRUE|FALSE) );

禁用跟踪

execute dbms_monitor.client_id_trace_disable ( client_id =>'client_id');

缺省情况下跟踪对于等待为true，绑定变量为false

下面通过使用dbms_session.set_identifier过程来设置client_identifier

SQL> execute dbms_session.set_identifier('JY');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

可以通过两种方法来找到客户端标识
1.在实际会话中

SQL> select sys_context('USERENV','CLIENT_IDENTIFIER') client_id from dual;

CLIENT_ID
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JY

2.从不同的会话中

SQL> select client_identifier client_id from v$session where sid =18;
CLIENT_ID
----------------------------------------------------------------
JY

对客户端标识为’JY’的所有会话启用跟踪

SQL> execute dbms_monitor.client_id_trace_enable('JY');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

现在这个跟踪可以跨越数据库的关闭

SQL>  select trace_type, primary_id, qualifier_id1, waits, binds from dba_enabled_traces;
TRACE_TYPE            PRIMARY_ID                                                       QUALIFIER_ID1                                                    WAITS BINDS
--------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ----- -----
CLIENT_ID             JY                                                                                                                                TRUE  FALSE

为了禁用跟踪，执行以下命令:

SQL> execute dbms_monitor.client_id_trace_disable('JY');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.


SQL>  select trace_type, primary_id, qualifier_id1, waits, binds from dba_enabled_traces;
TRACE_TYPE            PRIMARY_ID                                                       QUALIFIER_ID1                                                    WAITS BINDS
--------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ----- -----

这可能造成有时生成多个跟踪文件。例如，当使用共享服务器时，不同的共享服务器进程可以执行SQL语句。这将导致生成多个跟踪文件。对于RAC来说也同样会生成多个跟踪文件。后面将介绍如何使用trcsess工具将多个跟踪文件合并成一个跟踪文件。

SERV_MOD_ACT_TRACE_ENABLE函数
端到端的跟踪对于有效管理与使用services，module与action来计算应用程序工作量很有用。可以使用serv_mod_act_trace_enable函数来对服务名，模块名与操作名特定的组合对全局或特定实例启用SQL跟踪。

通过查询v$session视图的service_name,module和action列可以查看服务名，模块与操作名。语法如下:
启用跟踪

execute dbms_monitor.serv_mod_act_trace_enable('Service1', 'Module1', 'Action1', waits => (TRUE|FALSE), binds => (TRUE|FALSE), instance_name => 'ORCL' );

禁用跟踪

execute dbms_monitor.serv_mod_act_trace_disable('Service1', 'Module1', 'Action1');

缺省情况下跟踪对于等待为true，对于绑变量为false。缺省实例名为null。

示例
下面跟踪通过SQL*Plus与缺省服务SYS$USERS所执行的所有SQL语句

SQL> execute dbms_monitor.serv_mod_act_trace_enable('SYS$USERS', 'SQL*Plus' );

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

检查是否启用跟踪

SQL> select primary_id, qualifier_id1, waits, binds from  dba_enabled_traces where trace_type = 'SERVICE_MODULE';
PRIMARY_ID                                                       QUALIFIER_ID1                                                    WAITS BINDS
---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ----- -----
SYS$USERS                                                        SQL*Plus                                                         TRUE  FALSE

禁用跟踪

SQL> execute dbms_monitor.serv_mod_act_trace_disable('SYS$USERS', 'SQL*Plus');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.


SQL> select primary_id, qualifier_id1, waits, binds from  dba_enabled_traces where trace_type = 'SERVICE_MODULE';
PRIMARY_ID                                                       QUALIFIER_ID1                                                    WAITS BINDS
---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ----- -----

使用trcsess合并跟踪文件
有些跟踪操作会生成多个跟踪文件。 trcsess可以根据特定会话或客户端标识来合并跟踪文件。
语法如下:

trcsess [output=
] [session=] [clientid=] [service=] [action=] [module=] 

会话1：

SQL> execute dbms_session.set_identifier('JY');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.


SQL> execute dbms_monitor.client_id_trace_enable('JY');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select 'session 1' from dual;

'SESSION1
---------
session 1

SQL> execute dbms_monitor.client_id_trace_disable('JY');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

会话2：

SQL> execute dbms_session.set_identifier('JY');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> execute dbms_monitor.client_id_trace_enable('JY');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select 'session 2' from dual;

'SESSION2
---------
session 2

SQL> execute dbms_monitor.client_id_trace_disable('JY');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

使用trcsess合并跟踪文件

[oracle@jyrac1 trace]$ trcsess output=trcsess_Jy_Trace.txt clientid='JY'  *.trc
[oracle@jyrac1 trace]$ ls -lrt *Jy*.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 97786 Mar  2 15:17 trcsess_Jy_Trace.txt

dbms_application_info
dbms_application_info.set_x_info过程在会话开始前调用可以用来注册并命名事务/客户端信息/模块为以后的性能检查所使用。
dbms_application_info包含以下过程:
set_client_info(client_info in varchar2)
set_action(action_name in varchar2)
set_module(module_name in varchar2,action_name in varchar2)

SQL> begin
  2  dbms_application_info.set_module(module_name => 'add_employee',action_name => 'insert into emp');
  3  insert into scott.emp (ename, empno, sal, mgr, job, hiredate, comm, deptno )
  4  values ( 'scott', 9998, 1000, 7698,'clerk', sysdate,0, 10);
  5  dbms_application_info.set_module(null,null); 
  6  end;
  7  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

下面通过使用module与action列作为查询条件来查询v$sqlarea视图来获得上面执行的SQL语句

SQL> select sql_text from v$sqlarea where module = 'add_employee' and action = 'insert into emp';

SQL_TEXT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INSERT INTO SCOTT.EMP (ENAME, EMPNO, SAL, MGR, JOB, HIREDATE, COMM, DEPTNO ) VAL
UES ( 'scott', 9998, 1000, 7698,'clerk', SYSDATE,0, 10)

也可以执行以下过程来获得信息

SQL> set serveroutput on
SQL> declare
  2  l_clinent varchar2(100);
  3  l_mod_name varchar2(100);
  4  l_act_name varchar2(100);
  5  begin
  6  dbms_application_info.set_client_info('my client');
  7  dbms_application_info.read_client_info(l_clinent);
  8  dbms_output.put_line('client='||l_clinent);
  9  dbms_application_info.set_module('my mod','inserting');
 10  dbms_application_info.read_module(l_mod_name,l_act_name);
 11  dbms_output.put_line('mod_name='||l_mod_name);
 12  dbms_output.put_line('act_name='||l_act_name);
 13  end;
 14  /
client=my client
mod_name=my mod
act_name=inserting
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed

重命名与迁移联机数据文件
在12C中可以使用alter database move datafile语句来重命名或迁移联机数据文件。当数据库处于open状态，并且用户正在访问数据文件时仍然能够重命名与迁移联机数据文件。

当你重命名与迁移联机数据文件时，在控制文件中所记录指向数据文件的指针会被改变。数据文件会在操作系统层面被重命名与迁移。

当执行以下任务时因为需要允许用户访问数据文件所以需要对联机数据文件执行重命名与迁移:
.将数据文件从一种类型的存储迁移到另一种类型存储上。
.将不频繁访问的数据文件迁移到低成本存储上。
.将表空间置为只读并将它的数据文件写入存储设备上
.将数据库迁移到Oracle ASM中

当执行alter database move datafile语句时，如果在目标目录中存在相同的文件，可以指定reuse选项来覆盖现有文件。当没有指定reuse选项时，如果在目标目录中存在相同文件时，现有文件不会被覆盖并且语句会返回错误信息。

缺省情况下，当执行alter database move datafile语句并指定新目录时，语句会移动数据文件到新目录中。然而可以指定keep选项来保留旧目录中的数据文件。在这种情况下当语句完成后数据库只会使用新目录中的数据文件。

使用alter database move datafile语句来重命名或迁移数据文件时，Oracle数据库会创建一份数据文件副本。确保对于有足够的空间来执行此操作。

注意:如果指定的数据文件处于脱机状态那么执行alter database move datafile语句将会触发错误,如果配置了备库，那么对于主库和备库所执行的联机数据文件迁移操作是相互独立的。当对主库移动数据文件时备库不受影响，反之一样。闪回操作不会将被移动的数据文件重新迁移回之前的目录中。如果将一个联机数据文件从一个目录移动到另一个目录，之后执行闪回数据库操作将其闪回到数据文件迁移之前的时间点，那么数据文件仍然会存储在新目录中，但数据文件的内容将会回到闪回操作所指定的时间点。当在Windows平台上执行数据文件迁移时，就算没有指定keep选项，原始数据文件也会保留在旧目录中。在这种情况下，当迁移操作完成之后，数据库就只会使用新目录中的数据文件。如果需要这时可以使用手动删了旧数据文件。

重命名联机数据文件

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/system.274.939167015
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/sysaux.275.939167015
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/undotbs1.273.939167015
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/undo_2.277.939167063
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/users.278.939167083
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/testtb1.dbf

6 rows selected.

SQL> alter database move datafile '+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/testtb1.dbf' to '+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/testtb01.dbf';

Database altered.

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/system.274.939167015
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/sysaux.275.939167015
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/undotbs1.273.939167015
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/undo_2.277.939167063
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/users.278.939167083
+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/DATAFILE/testtb01.dbf

6 rows selected.

迁移联机数据文件

SQL>ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/u01/oracle/rbdb1/user1.dbf' TO '/u02/oracle/rbdb1/user1.dbf';

复制联机数据文件

SQL>ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/u01/oracle/rbdb1/user1.dbf' TO '/u02/oracle/rbdb1/user1.dbf' KEEP;

迁移联机数据文件并覆盖所存在的数据文件

SQL>ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/u01/oracle/rbdb1/user1.dbf' TO '/u02/oracle/rbdb1/user1.dbf' REUSE;

迁移联机数据文件到ASM磁盘组

SQL>ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/u01/oracle/rbdb1/user1.dbf' TO '+dgroup_01/data/orcl/datafile/user1.dbf';

将联机数据文件从一个ASM磁盘组迁移到另一个ASM磁盘组中

SQL>ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '+dgroup_01/data/orcl/datafile/user1.dbf' TO '+dgroup_02/data/orcl/datafile/user1.dbf';

使用表空间组来管理多个临时表空间

表空间组能让用户使用来自多个临时表空间中的临时空间。使用表空间组，而不是单个临时表空间，可以减少由于一个临时表空间没有足够的空间来处理排序而引发的问题。表空间组能让单个并行操作的并行执行服务器进程使用多个临时表空间。表空间组有以下特性:
.它包含至少一个临时表空间。对于一个表空间组可以包含的临时表空间数量没有限制。
.它共享命名空间，所以表空间组的名字不能与任何表空间名相同。
.当对数据库或用户指定缺省临时表空间时可以使用表空间组来代替。

我们不能显示创建一个表空间组，但可以在创建第一临时表空间时隐式来创建表空间组。当表空间组中的最后一个临时表空间被删除后，表空间组也会被删除。查询dba_tablespace_groups可以查看相关表空间组与相关的临时表空间。

创建表空间组
当执行create temporary tablespace或alter tablespace语句时通过指定tablespace group子句来隐式创建表空间组并且所指定的表空间组要在当前数据库中并不存在。例如，如果表空间组group1,group2不存在，那么下面的语句将会创建这两个表空间组，并且每个表空间组只有一个临时表空间存在。

SQL> create temporary tablespace temp2 tempfile '+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/TEMPFILE/temp2.dbf' size 50M tablespace group group1;

Tablespace created.

SQL> alter tablespace temp tablespace group group2;

Tablespace altered.


SQL> select * from dba_tablespace_groups;

GROUP_NAME                     TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
GROUP2                         TEMP
GROUP1                         TEMP2

更改表空间组成员
可以向现有表空间组增加临时表空间，这可以通过执行包含有tablespace group子句的create temporary tablespace或alter tablespace语句来完成。

下面的语句将向现有表空间组group1中增加一个临时表空间temp3，因些表空间组group1包含临时表空间temp2与temp3。

SQL> create temporary tablespace temp3 tempfile '+DATA/JY/4B2C6373AE2547CCE053AB828A0A7CA3/TEMPFILE/temp3.dbf' size 50M tablespace group group1;

Tablespace created.

SQL> select * from dba_tablespace_groups;

GROUP_NAME                     TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
GROUP2                         TEMP
GROUP1                         TEMP2
GROUP1                         TEMP3

下面的语句将向现有表空间组group2中增加一个临时表空间temp2，但因为临时表空间temp2已经存在，语句只是将临时表空间temp2从表空间组group1移到表空间组group2中。

SQL> select * from dba_tablespace_groups;

GROUP_NAME                     TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
GROUP2                         TEMP
GROUP2                         TEMP2
GROUP1                         TEMP3

现在表空间组group2包含临时表空间temp,temp2，表空间组group1只包含临时表空间temp3。

下面的语句将从表空间组group1中删除临时表空间temp3

SQL> alter tablespace temp3 tablespace group '';

Tablespace altered.

SQL> select * from dba_tablespace_groups;

GROUP_NAME                     TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------------------
GROUP2                         TEMP
GROUP2                         TEMP2

临时表空间temp3不再属于任何表空间组。因此表空间组group1不包含任何临时表空间，因此隐式地删除了表空间组group1。

指定表空间组作为数据库的缺省临时表空间
通过执行alter database … default temporary tablespace语句来指定一个表空间组作为数据库的临时表空间。

SQL> SELECT PROPERTY_NAME, PROPERTY_VALUE FROM DATABASE_PROPERTIES WHERE PROPERTY_NAME='DEFAULT_TEMP_TABLESPACE';

PROPERTY_NAME                                       PROPERTY_VALUE
--------------------------------------------------  --------------------------------------------------
DEFAULT_TEMP_TABLESPACE                             TEMP



SQL> alter database default temporary tablespace group2;

Database altered.


SQL> SELECT PROPERTY_NAME, PROPERTY_VALUE FROM DATABASE_PROPERTIES WHERE PROPERTY_NAME='DEFAULT_TEMP_TABLESPACE';

PROPERTY_NAME                                       PROPERTY_VALUE
--------------------------------------------------  --------------------------------------------------
DEFAULT_TEMP_TABLESPACE                             GROUP2

任何没有显示指定临时表空间的用户，将可以使用临时表空间temp,temp2中的空间。当表空间组被指定作为数据库的临时表空间时，不能删除表空间组中的任何成员。要删除临时表空间必须首先要删除表空间组。同样不能删除作为数据库的缺省临时表空间。

在Oracle 12CR2中在创建数据库时不能安装sample schemas，Oracle将sample schemas的安装脚本存储在GitHub上了，可以通过以下链接地址进行下载

https://github.com/oracle/db-sample-schemas/releases/latest

下载到的是一个zip文件，例如我下载的文件名为db-sample-schemas-12.2.0.1.zip，将其解压

[oracle@jytest1 schema]$ unzip db-sample-schemas-12.2.0.1.zip

[oracle@jytest1 schema]$ ls -lrt
total 36584
-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall     2322 Apr  3  2009 drop_sch.sql
-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall    16894 Jul  1  2014 sted_mkplug.sql.dbl
-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall    27570 Jul  1  2014 mkplug.sql
-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall     1685 Nov  6  2015 mk_dir.sql.sbs
drwxr-xr-x  2 oracle oinstall        6 Mar 20 19:50 log
-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall     1824 Mar 20 19:51 mk_dir.sql
drwxr-xr-x  2 oracle oinstall     4096 May 18 17:12 human_resources
-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall 37389564 May 18 17:48 db-sample-schemas-12.2.0.1.zip
drwxrwxrwx 10 oracle oinstall     4096 May 18 18:46 db-sample-schemas-12.2.0.1

创建sample schemas只需执行db-sample-schemas-12.2.0.1目录下的mksample.sql脚本,其语法如下:

mksample          EXAMPLE TEMP $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/log/ localhost:1521/pdb

其参数分别指system,sys,hr,oe,pm,ix,sh,bi用户的密码，与缺省表空间，临时表空间名，以及存储生成日志文件的目录和连接数据库的连接串

[oracle@jytest1 db-sample-schemas-12.2.0.1]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu May 18 18:01:54 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> @mksample.sql xxzx7817600 xxzx7817600 hr oe pm id sh bi users temp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/demo/schema/db-sample-schemas-12.2.0.1/log/ jypdb

specify password for SYSTEM as parameter 1:

specify password for SYS as parameter 2:

specify password for HR as parameter 3:

specify password for OE as parameter 4:

specify password for PM as parameter 5:

specify password for IX as parameter 6:

specify password for  SH as parameter 7:

specify password for  BI as parameter 8:

specify default tablespace as parameter 9:

specify temporary tablespace as parameter 10:

specify log file directory (including trailing delimiter) as parameter 11:

specify connect string as parameter 12:

Sample Schemas are being created ...

mkdir: cannot create directory 鈥u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/demo/schema/db-sample-schemas-12.2.0.1鈥 File exists

Connected.
DROP USER hr CASCADE
          *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01918: user 'HR' does not exist


DROP USER oe CASCADE
          *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01918: user 'OE' does not exist


DROP USER pm CASCADE
          *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01918: user 'PM' does not exist


DROP USER ix CASCADE
          *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01918: user 'IX' does not exist


DROP USER sh CASCADE
          *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01918: user 'SH' does not exist


DROP USER bi CASCADE
          *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01918: user 'BI' does not exist


Connected.
SP2-0310: unable to open file "__SUB__CWD__/human_resources/hr_main.sql"
Connected.
SP2-0310: unable to open file "__SUB__CWD__/order_entry/oe_main.sql"
Connected.
SP2-0310: unable to open file "__SUB__CWD__/product_media/pm_main.sql"
Connected.
SP2-0310: unable to open file "__SUB__CWD__/info_exchange/ix_main.sql"
Connected.
SP2-0310: unable to open file "__SUB__CWD__/sales_history/sh_main.sql"
Connected.
SP2-0310: unable to open file "__SUB__CWD__/bus_intelligence/bi_main.sql"
Connected.
not spooling currently
SP2-0310: unable to open file "__SUB__CWD__/mkverify.sql"

上面的错误显示不能打开__SUB__CWD__/目录下的相关脚本文件，这里我们需要将__SUB__CWD__/目录使用相关脚本存储的目录的绝对路径来替，下面执行替换

[oracle@jytest1 db-sample-schemas-12.2.0.1]$ perl -p -i.bak -e 's#__SUB__CWD__#'$(pwd)'#g' *.sql */*.sql */*.dat

重新执行

[oracle@jytest1 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu May 18 19:05:33 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL>@mksample.sql xxzx7817600 xxzx7817600 hr oe pm id sh bi users temp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/demo/schema/db-sample-schemas-12.2.0.1/log/ jypdb

specify password for SYSTEM as parameter 1:

specify password for SYS as parameter 2:

specify password for HR as parameter 3:

specify password for OE as parameter 4:

specify password for PM as parameter 5:

specify password for IX as parameter 6:

specify password for  SH as parameter 7:

specify password for  BI as parameter 8:

specify default tablespace as parameter 9:

specify temporary tablespace as parameter 10:

specify log file directory (including trailing delimiter) as parameter 11:

specify connect string as parameter 12:

Sample Schemas are being created ...
....省略....

Index cardinality (without  LOB indexes)

OWNER  INDEX_NAME                DISTINCT_KEYS   NUM_ROWS
------ ------------------------- ------------- ----------
HR     COUNTRY_C_ID_PK                      25         25
HR     DEPT_ID_PK                           27         27
HR     DEPT_LOCATION_IX                      7         27
HR     EMP_DEPARTMENT_IX                    11        106
HR     EMP_EMAIL_UK                        107        107
HR     EMP_EMP_ID_PK                       107        107
HR     EMP_JOB_IX                           19        107
HR     EMP_MANAGER_IX                       18        106
HR     EMP_NAME_IX                         107        107
HR     JHIST_DEPARTMENT_IX                   6         10
HR     JHIST_EMPLOYEE_IX                     7         10
HR     JHIST_EMP_ID_ST_DATE_PK              10         10
HR     JHIST_JOB_IX                          8         10
HR     JOB_ID_PK                            19         19
HR     LOC_CITY_IX                          23         23
HR     LOC_COUNTRY_IX                       14         23
HR     LOC_ID_PK                            23         23
HR     LOC_STATE_PROVINCE_IX                17         17
HR     REG_ID_PK                             4          4
IX     AQ$_STREAMS_QUEUE_TABLE_Y             0          0
OE     ACTION_TABLE_MEMBERS                132        132
OE     CUSTOMERS_PK                        319        319
OE     CUST_ACCOUNT_MANAGER_IX               4        319
OE     CUST_EMAIL_IX                       319        319
OE     CUST_LNAME_IX                       176        319
OE     CUST_UPPER_NAME_IX                  319        319
OE     INVENTORY_IX                       1112       1112
OE     INV_PRODUCT_IX                      208       1112
OE     ITEM_ORDER_IX                       105        665
OE     ITEM_PRODUCT_IX                     185        665
OE     LINEITEM_TABLE_MEMBERS              132        132
OE     ORDER_ITEMS_PK                      665        665
OE     ORDER_ITEMS_UK                      665        665
OE     ORDER_PK                            105        105
OE     ORD_CUSTOMER_IX                      47        105
OE     ORD_ORDER_DATE_IX                   105        105
OE     ORD_SALES_REP_IX                      9         70
OE     PRD_DESC_PK                        8640       8640
OE     PRODUCT_INFORMATION_PK              288        288
OE     PROD_NAME_IX                       3727       8640
OE     PROD_SUPPLIER_IX                     62        288
OE     PROMO_ID_PK                           2          2
OE     WAREHOUSES_PK                         9          9
OE     WHS_LOCATION_IX                       9          9
PM     ONLINEMEDIA_PK                        9          9
PM     PRINTMEDIA_PK                         4          4
SH     CHANNELS_PK                           5          5
SH     COSTS_PROD_BIX                        0          0
SH     COSTS_TIME_BIX                        0          0
SH     COUNTRIES_PK                         23         23
SH     CUSTOMERS_GENDER_BIX                  2          5
SH     CUSTOMERS_MARITAL_BIX                11         18
SH     CUSTOMERS_PK                      55500      55500
SH     CUSTOMERS_YOB_BIX                    75         75
SH     DR$SUP_TEXT_IDX$RC
SH     DR$SUP_TEXT_IDX$X                     0          0
SH     FW_PSC_S_MV_CHAN_BIX                  4          4
SH     FW_PSC_S_MV_PROMO_BIX                 4          4
SH     FW_PSC_S_MV_SUBCAT_BIX               21         21
SH     FW_PSC_S_MV_WD_BIX                  210        210
SH     PRODUCTS_PK                          72         72
SH     PRODUCTS_PROD_CAT_IX                  5         72
SH     PRODUCTS_PROD_STATUS_BIX              1          1
SH     PRODUCTS_PROD_SUBCAT_IX              21         72
SH     PROMO_PK                            503        503
SH     SALES_CHANNEL_BIX                     4         92
SH     SALES_CUST_BIX                     7059      35808
SH     SALES_PROD_BIX                       72       1074
SH     SALES_PROMO_BIX                       4         54
SH     SALES_TIME_BIX                     1460       1460
SH     SUP_TEXT_IDX
SH     TIMES_PK                           1826       1826

72 rows selected.

SQL> select username from dba_users;

USERNAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SYS
SYSTEM
XS$NULL
LBACSYS
OUTLN
DBSNMP
APPQOSSYS
DBSFWUSER
GGSYS
ANONYMOUS
CTXSYS
SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA
DVSYS
DVF
GSMADMIN_INTERNAL
ORDPLUGINS
MDSYS
OLAPSYS
ORDDATA
XDB
WMSYS
ORDSYS
GSMCATUSER
MDDATA
SYSBACKUP
REMOTE_SCHEDULER_AGENT
PDBADMIN
GSMUSER
SYSRAC
HR
BI
OJVMSYS
AUDSYS
DIP
JY
OE
PM
SYSKM
ORACLE_OCM
SYS$UMF
QS_ADM
IX
SYSDG
SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR
SH

45 rows selected.

相关sample schemas创建成功。

在Oracle Linux7,数据库版本为12.2中使用create database来创建non-CDB数据库
1.设置实例标识符(SID)

[root@jytest1 ~]# su - oracle
Last login: Fri Apr 21 11:24:50 CST 2017
[oracle@jytest1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl1

2.创建相关目录

ASMCMD [+data] > mkdir orcl
ASMCMD [+data] > ls
jy/
orcl/
ASMCMD [+data] > mkdir +data/orcl/CONTROLFILE
ASMCMD [+data] > mkdir +data/orcl/DATAFILE
ASMCMD [+data] > mkdir +data/orcl/ONLINELOG
ASMCMD [+data] > mkdir +data/orcl/TEMPFILE
ASMCMD [+data] > mkdir +data/orcl/PASSWORD
ASMCMD [+data] > mkdir +data/orcl/PARAMETERFILE

3.创建密码文件

[oracle@jytest1 dbs]$ orapwd file='/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/dbs/orapworcl1'  force=y password=xxzx#7817600

4.创建参数文件,参数文件至少要包含db_name,control_files与memory_target参数

[oracle@jytest1 dbs]$ vi initorcl1.ora
db_name=orcl
control_files='+data/orcl/controlfile/control01.ctl','+data/orcl/controlfile/control02.c tl'
memory_target=1G

5.连接实例

[oracle@jytest1 dbs]$ sqlplus sys/xxzx#7817600 as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Apr 19 19:15:50 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

6.启动实例

SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/dbs/initorcl1.ora'
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1073741824 bytes
Fixed Size                  8628936 bytes
Variable Size             750781752 bytes
Database Buffers          306184192 bytes
Redo Buffers                8146944 bytes

7.创建服务器参数文件spfile

SQL>create spfile='+DATA/orcl/PARAMETERFILE/spfileorcl.ora' from pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/dbs/initorcl1.ora';

8.执行create database语句

SQL> CREATE DATABASE orcl
  2  USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY xxzx#7817600
  3  USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY xxzx#7817600
  4  LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('+data/orcl/onlinelog/redo01.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  5  GROUP 2 ('+data/orcl/onlinelog/redo02.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  6  GROUP 3 ('+data/orcl/onlinelog/redo03.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
  7  MAXLOGHISTORY 1
  8  MAXLOGFILES 16
  9  MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
 10  MAXDATAFILES 1024
 11  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
 12  NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
 13  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
 14  DATAFILE '+data/orcl/datafile/system01.dbf'
 15  SIZE 700M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
 16  SYSAUX DATAFILE '+data/orcl/datafile/sysaux01.dbf'
 17  SIZE 550M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
 18  DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
 19  DATAFILE '+data/orcl/datafile/users01.dbf'
 20  SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
 21  DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
 22  TEMPFILE '+data/orcl/tempfile/temp01.dbf'
 23  SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
 24  UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
 25  DATAFILE '+data/orcl/datafile/undotbs01.dbf'
 26  SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
 27  USER_DATA TABLESPACE usertbs
 28  DATAFILE '+data/orcl/datafile/usertbs01.dbf'
 29  SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

Database created.

9.运行脚本来创建数据字典视图
用sys用户执行以下脚本

SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

Session altered.

SQL>@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

SQL> Rem END catproc.sql

SQL>@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

SQL> Rem END utlrp.sql

使用system用户执行以下脚本

SQL>@$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

SQL> alter session set "_ORACLE_SCRIPT" = false;

Session altered.

10.将数据库注册为RAC数据库,在节点2配置实例orcl2的参数文件

[oracle@jytest2 dbs]$ vi initorcl2.ora
SPFILE='+DATA/orcl/PARAMETERFILE/spfileorcl.ora'

设置RAC数据库所需要的相关参数

SQL> alter system set thread=1 scope=spfile sid='orcl1';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set thread=2 scope=spfile sid='orcl2';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set instance_number=1 scope=spfile sid='orcl1';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set instance_number=2 scope=spfile sid='orcl2';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set cluster_database=true scope=sfpile sid='*';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set cluster_database_instances=2 scope=sfpile sid='*';

System altered.

添加重做线程

SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 group 4('+data/orcl/onlinelog/redo04.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 group 5('+data/orcl/onlinelog/redo05.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile thread 2 group 6('+data/orcl/onlinelog/redo06.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database enable thread 2;

Database altered.

向crs注册数据库

[oracle@jytest1 dbs]$ srvctl add database -db orcl -oraclehome  /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/  -dbtype RAC -spfile  +DATA/orcl/PARAMETERFILE/spfileorcl.ora -diskgroup 'data'


[oracle@jytest1 dbs]$ srvctl add instance -db orcl -instance orcl1 -node jytest1
[oracle@jytest1 dbs]$ srvctl add instance -db orcl -instance orcl2 -node jytest2
[oracle@jytest1 dbs]$ srvctl config database -db orcl
Database unique name: orcl
Database name:
Oracle home: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +DATA/orcl/PARAMETERFILE/spfileorcl.ora
Password file:
Domain:
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PRIMARY
Management policy: AUTOMATIC
Server pools:
Disk Groups: DATA
Mount point paths:
Services:
Type: RAC
Start concurrency:
Stop concurrency:
OSDBA group: dba
OSOPER group: oper
Database instances: orcl1,orcl2
Configured nodes: jytest1,jytest2
CSS critical: no
CPU count: 0
Memory target: 0
Maximum memory: 0
Default network number for database services:
Database is administrator managed

11.将密码文件存储在ASM磁盘组中

[oracle@jytest1 dbs]$ orapwd file='+data/orcl/password/pwdorcl' dbuniquename='orcl'

Enter password for SYS:

ASMCMD [+data/orcl/password] > ls -lt
Type      Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
PASSWORD  UNPROT  COARSE   APR 21 11:00:00  Y    pwdorcl.294.941886275
PASSWORD  UNPROT  COARSE   APR 21 11:00:00  N    pwdorcl =>  +DATA/orcl/PASSWORD/pwdorcl.294.941886275

Enter password for SYS:
[oracle@jytest1 dbs]$ srvctl config database -db orcl
Database unique name: orcl
Database name:
Oracle home: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +DATA/orcl/PARAMETERFILE/spfileorcl.ora
Password file: +DATA/orcl/password/pwdorcl
Domain:
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PRIMARY
Management policy: AUTOMATIC
Server pools:
Disk Groups: DATA
Mount point paths:
Services:
Type: RAC
Start concurrency:
Stop concurrency:
OSDBA group: dba
OSOPER group: oper
Database instances: orcl1,orcl2
Configured nodes: jytest1,jytest2
CSS critical: no
CPU count: 0
Memory target: 0
Maximum memory: 0
Default network number for database services:
Database is administrator managed

12.检查crs状态信息

[grid@jytest2 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name           Target  State        Server                   State details       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.CRS.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.DATA.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.TEST.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.chad
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.net1.network
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.ons
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.proxy_advm
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      jytest1                  STABLE
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      jytest2                  STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  169.254.123.145 88.8
                                                             8.88.1,STABLE
ora.asm
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  Started,STABLE
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  Started,STABLE
      3        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               STABLE
ora.cvu
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
ora.jy.db
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
                                                             racle/product/12.2.0
                                                             /db,STABLE
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
                                                             racle/product/12.2.0
                                                             /db,STABLE
ora.jytest1.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
ora.jytest2.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.mgmtdb
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  Open,STABLE
ora.orcl.db
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
                                                             racle/product/12.2.0
                                                             /db/,STABLE
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
                                                             racle/product/12.2.0
                                                             /db/,STABLE
ora.qosmserver
      1        ONLINE  INTERMEDIATE jytest1                  CHECK TIMED OUT,STAB
                                                             LE
ora.scan1.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.scan2.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
ora.scan3.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

到此操作完成!

在12C RAC中登录pdb时出现了ORA-01033错误

[oracle@jytest1 ~]$ sqlplus  hr/hr@JYPDB

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Apr 11 18:15:26 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-01033: ORACLE initialization or shutdown in progress
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0

如是查看pdb数据库的状态，从以下信息来看pdb是正常的

[grid@jytest1 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 11-APR-2017 18:03:18

Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                21-MAR-2017 19:13:39
Uptime                    20 days 22 hr. 49 min. 38 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/product/12.2.0/crs/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/jytest1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.138.130.171)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.138.130.175)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=jytest1.jydba.net)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/admin/jy/xdb_wallet))

(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "+ASM_CRS" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "+ASM_DATA" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "+ASM_TEST" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "4b2c6373ae2547cce053ab828a0a7ca3" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "jy1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "jy" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "jy1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "jyXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "jy1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "jypdb" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "jy1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully



[grid@jytest2 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 11-APR-2017 18:16:50

Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                21-MAR-2017 19:11:40
Uptime                    20 days 23 hr. 5 min. 10 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/product/12.2.0/crs/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/jytest2/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.138.130.172)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.138.130.176)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=jytest2.jydba.net)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/admin/jy/xdb_wallet))

(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "+ASM_CRS" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "+ASM_DATA" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "+ASM_TEST" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "4b2c6373ae2547cce053ab828a0a7ca3" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "jy2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "jy" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "jy2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "jyXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "jy2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "jypdb" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "jy2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully



[grid@jytest1 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name           Target  State        Server                   State details       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.CRS.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.DATA.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.TEST.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.chad
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.net1.network
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.ons
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.proxy_advm
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      jytest1                  STABLE
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      jytest2                  STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  169.254.237.250 88.8
                                                             8.88.2,STABLE
ora.asm
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  Started,STABLE
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  Started,STABLE
      3        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               STABLE
ora.cvu
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.jy.db
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
                                                             racle/product/12.2.0
                                                             /db,STABLE
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
                                                             racle/product/12.2.0
                                                             /db,STABLE
ora.jytest1.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
ora.jytest2.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.mgmtdb
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  Open,STABLE
ora.qosmserver
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
ora.scan2.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.scan3.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[grid@jytest2 ~]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name           Target  State        Server                   State details       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.CRS.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.DATA.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.TEST.dg
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.chad
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.net1.network
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.ons
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
               ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.proxy_advm
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      jytest1                  STABLE
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      jytest2                  STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  169.254.237.250 88.8
                                                             8.88.2,STABLE
ora.asm
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  Started,STABLE
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  Started,STABLE
      3        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               STABLE
ora.cvu
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.jy.db
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
                                                             racle/product/12.2.0
                                                             /db,STABLE
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  Open,HOME=/u01/app/o
                                                             racle/product/12.2.0
                                                             /db,STABLE
ora.jytest1.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
ora.jytest2.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.mgmtdb
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  Open,STABLE
ora.qosmserver
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
ora.scan2.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest2                  STABLE
ora.scan3.vip
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       jytest1                  STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

虽然，从监听与集群资源来看是正常，但因为这里pdb数据库（jypdb）使用的服务名与pdb数据库名相同，还有就是因为是RAC数据库，因为在RAC环境中，当PDB被mount时，实例将使用pdb数据库名向SCAN与本地监听程序注册PDB，如果使用SCAN IP来登录pdb数据库，就可能将连接请求指派给PDB只被mounted的实例(没有open)，如是检查pdb是否open，发现果然pdb在节点2上的实例没有被open，如是执行以下
命令:

[root@jytest2 ~]# su - oracle
Last login: Tue Apr 11 17:37:14 CST 2017
[oracle@jytest2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Apr 11 18:17:44 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> alter session set container=jypdb;

Session altered.

SQL> alter pluggable database jypdb open;

Pluggable database altered.

[oracle@jytest1 ~]$ sqlplus  hr/hr@JYPDB

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Apr 11 18:18:18 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

SQL> conn system/xxzx7817600@JYPDB
Connected.

在RAC所有节点上open pdb数据库jypdb后，登录就恢复正常了。